Neuhauser C, Krone S M
School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
Genetics. 1997 Feb;145(2):519-34. doi: 10.1093/genetics/145.2.519.
We introduce the genealogy of a random sample of genes taken from a large haploid population that evolves according to random reproduction with selection and mutation. Without selection, the genealogy is described by Kingman's well-known coalescent process. In the selective case, the genealogy of the sample is embedded in a graph with a coalescing and branching structure. We describe this graph, called the ancestral selection graph, and point out differences and similarities with Kingman's coalescent. We present simulations for a two-allele model with symmetric mutation in which one of the alleles has a selective advantage over the other. We find that when the allele frequencies in the population are already in equilibrium, then the genealogy does not differ much from the neutral case. This is supported by rigorous results. Furthermore, we describe the ancestral selection graph for other selective models with finitely many selection classes, such as the K-allele models, infinitely-many-alleles models. DNA sequence models, and infinitely-many-sites models, and briefly discuss the diploid case.
我们介绍了从一个大型单倍体群体中随机抽取的一组基因的谱系，该群体通过带有选择和突变的随机繁殖而进化。在没有选择的情况下，谱系由金曼著名的合并过程描述。在有选择的情况下，样本的谱系嵌入到一个具有合并和分支结构的图中。我们描述了这个被称为祖先选择图的图，并指出它与金曼合并的异同。我们给出了一个具有对称突变的双等位基因模型的模拟，其中一个等位基因相对于另一个具有选择优势。我们发现，当群体中的等位基因频率已经处于平衡状态时，谱系与中性情况没有太大差异。这得到了严格结果的支持。此外，我们描述了其他具有有限多个选择类别的选择模型的祖先选择图，如K等位基因模型、无限多个等位基因模型、DNA序列模型和无限多个位点模型，并简要讨论了二倍体情况。
