MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997 Mar 7;46(9):193-8.
Genital tract infections with Chlamydia trachomatis are a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, and infertility among women, and perinatal transmission of C. trachomatis to infants can cause neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia. In 1994, the estimated cost of untreated chlamydial infections and their complications was $2 billion in the United States. To determine the number of reported cases of infection and to assess the impact of screening and treatment programs on chlamydial infection in 1995, CDC analyzed notifiable disease surveillance data on chlamydia and data on chlamydia test positivity among women screened in family-planning clinics funded through CDC and the Office of Population Affairs as a result of the Preventive Health Amendments of 1992. This report summarizes the findings of the analysis, which indicate that, although the number of reported cases of chlamydial infection among women continued to increase concomitantly with the expansion of screening programs and improved reporting, the prevalence of chlamydial infections declined among women attending Title X family-planning clinics in areas that implemented screening and treatment programs.
沙眼衣原体引起的生殖道感染是女性盆腔炎（PID）、异位妊娠和不孕的主要原因，沙眼衣原体在围产期传播给婴儿可导致新生儿结膜炎和肺炎。1994年，在美国，未经治疗的衣原体感染及其并发症的估计费用为20亿美元。为确定1995年报告的感染病例数，并评估筛查和治疗项目对衣原体感染的影响，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）分析了衣原体的法定传染病监测数据，以及因1992年《预防性健康修正案》而由CDC和人口事务办公室资助的计划生育诊所中接受筛查的女性衣原体检测阳性数据。本报告总结了分析结果，结果表明，尽管随着筛查项目的扩大和报告的改善，女性衣原体感染报告病例数持续增加，但在实施了筛查和治疗项目的地区，参加第十类计划生育诊所的女性中衣原体感染率有所下降。
