Berg G, Kohlmeier L, Brenner H
Department of Epidemiology, University of Ulm, Germany.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997 Mar;51(3):181-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600384.
Antioxidants, in particular carotenoids, may influence the risk for cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the influence of oral contraceptives (OC) on the serum concentration of beta-carotene, which may in turn affect the risk of cardiovascular diseases due to its antioxidative impact.
Cross-sectional epidemiologic study. Examinations included a detailed questionnaire on medical history and lifestyle factors, a 7 day food record, and blood samples.
National health and nutrition survey among healthy people living in private homes in West Germany in 1987-1988.
Nonpregnant and nonlactating women aged 18-44 (n = 610).
Overall, the use of OC was negatively associated with serum beta-carotene concentration in bi- and multivariable analyses after adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary intake of beta-carotene, use of vitamin supplements, body mass index, pregnancies, and serum concentrations of total triglyceride and cholesterol. A strong interaction between OC use and age on beta-carotene concentration was observed. While no relationship between OC use and serum beta-carotene was seen in the youngest age-group (18-24 y), there was a modest but significant negative association between OC use and beta-carotene levels among 25-34 y old women. The use of OC was associated with a strong decrease in beta-carotene levels among 35-44 y old women. The interaction between OC use and age could partly be explained by age dependent use of OC with higher estrogen content.
OC use seems to be strongly related to serum beta-carotene levels, particularly among women above the age of 35. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association and its implications for health risks of OC use.
抗氧化剂，尤其是类胡萝卜素，可能会影响心血管疾病的风险。本研究调查口服避孕药（OC）对血清β-胡萝卜素浓度的影响，而血清β-胡萝卜素浓度可能因其抗氧化作用进而影响心血管疾病风险。
横断面流行病学研究。检查包括一份关于病史和生活方式因素的详细问卷、一份7天的饮食记录以及血样。
1987 - 1988年在西德居住于私人住宅的健康人群中进行的全国健康与营养调查。
18 - 44岁未怀孕且未哺乳的女性（n = 610）。
总体而言，在对年龄、吸烟、饮酒、β-胡萝卜素的饮食摄入量、维生素补充剂的使用、体重指数、怀孕次数以及总甘油三酯和胆固醇的血清浓度进行调整后，在双变量和多变量分析中，OC的使用与血清β-胡萝卜素浓度呈负相关。观察到OC使用与年龄对β-胡萝卜素浓度有强烈的交互作用。在最年轻的年龄组（18 - 24岁）中，未发现OC使用与血清β-胡萝卜素之间存在关联，而在25 - 34岁的女性中，OC使用与β-胡萝卜素水平之间存在适度但显著的负相关。在35 - 44岁的女性中，OC的使用与β-胡萝卜素水平的大幅下降有关。OC使用与年龄之间的交互作用部分可以通过年龄依赖性地使用雌激素含量较高的OC来解释。
OC的使用似乎与血清β-胡萝卜素水平密切相关，尤其是在35岁以上的女性中。需要进一步研究来阐明这种关联的潜在机制及其对OC使用健康风险的影响。
