Stevens J, Wall R
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, U.K.
Int J Parasitol. 1997 Jan;27(1):51-9. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7519(96)00155-5.
To consider the evolutionary origin of the ectoparasitic habit in the blowfly genus Lucilia (Diptera:Calliphoridae), phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequence data were performed for 10 species, including all the common Lucilia agents of myiasis, collected from Africa, Australasia, North America and Europe. Complementary genetic distance and parsimony analyses are used to consider inter and intraspecific relationships within the genus with reference to previous morphological work. The results support the hypothesis of independent multiple evolution of the ectoparasitic habit in Lucilia sericata, Lucilia cuprina and the Lucilia caesar/Lucilia illustris group and suggest that it has coevolved in relatively recent history along with the domestication and husbandry of sheep. The geographic differences in pathogenic importance of various species of Lucilia also suggest that there is a strong climatic influence determining which species has dominated. Lucilia cuprina has become the predominant pathogenic species in sub-tropical and warm temperate habitats (e.g., Australia and South Africa), L. sericata in cool temperate habitats (e.g., Europe and New Zealand) and L. caesar and L. illustris become more common in sheep myiasis in more northerly Palaearctic regions.
为探究丽蝇属（双翅目：丽蝇科）外寄生习性的进化起源，我们对从非洲、澳大拉西亚、北美和欧洲收集的10个物种进行了线粒体DNA序列数据的系统发育分析，其中包括所有常见的引起蝇蛆病的丽蝇种类。结合先前的形态学研究，我们运用互补遗传距离分析和简约分析来考量该属种间和种内的关系。结果支持了丝光绿蝇、铜绿蝇以及恺撒绿蝇/亮绿蝇组外寄生习性独立多次进化的假说，并表明这种习性在相对较近的历史时期与绵羊的驯化和饲养共同进化。不同丽蝇种类在致病重要性上的地理差异也表明，气候对决定哪种物种占主导地位有很大影响。铜绿蝇已成为亚热带和暖温带栖息地（如澳大利亚和南非）的主要致病物种，丝光绿蝇在凉爽温带栖息地（如欧洲和新西兰）占主导，而恺撒绿蝇和亮绿蝇在更偏北的古北区绵羊蝇蛆病中更为常见。
