Byrd M E
Department of Nursing, Rhode Island College, Providence 02908, USA.
Public Health Nurs. 1997 Feb;14(1):3-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.1997.tb00404.x.
Home visiting the maternal-child population has been a major focus of public health nursing. The focus of a large portion of empirical studies of maternal-child home visiting has been on the demonstration of outcomes. Despite a general consensus about its benefits, public health nursing has experienced difficulty conclusively demonstrating the effectiveness of maternal-child home visitation. A systematization of potential client outcomes across studies has not been conceptualized. With the aim of tracing overall trends in past attempts to identify, measure, and validate the potential outcomes of maternal-child home visits, an overview and analysis of these studies is presented chronologically. How specific outcomes were identified and measured are analyzed, and support and nonsupport for potential outcomes are summarized. A tentative typology of maternal-child home visitation client outcomes is proposed. Four types of outcomes reflecting an ecological conceptualization of the client, emerged from this analysis. Maternal-child home visiting outcomes were concerned with the mother (maternal outcomes), the child (child outcomes), the relationship and interaction between the mother and child (maternal-child interaction outcomes), and the relationship of the family with the extended family, neighborhood, and community (environmental outcomes).
对母婴群体进行家访一直是公共卫生护理的主要关注点。大部分关于母婴家访的实证研究都聚焦于结果的展示。尽管人们普遍认同其益处，但公共卫生护理在最终证明母婴家访的有效性方面仍面临困难。尚未对各项研究中潜在的客户结果进行系统化概念化。为了追溯过去在识别、衡量和验证母婴家访潜在结果方面的总体趋势，按时间顺序对这些研究进行了概述和分析。分析了具体结果是如何被识别和衡量的，并总结了对潜在结果的支持和不支持情况。提出了一个母婴家访客户结果的初步类型学。通过这一分析，出现了四种反映客户生态概念化的结果类型。母婴家访结果涉及母亲（母亲结果）、孩子（孩子结果）、母亲与孩子之间的关系和互动（母婴互动结果），以及家庭与大家庭、邻里和社区的关系（环境结果）。
