Merkens H W, Schamhardt H C
Department of General and Large Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Equine Vet J Suppl. 1988 Sep(6):107-12. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb04656.x.
Force plate and high-speed film data from a group of six walking horses were used to study the distribution of the ground reaction forces (GRF) of the concurrently loaded limbs. Three different degrees of supporting lameness were induced in a forelimb or a hindlimb using modified horse shoes. In all experiments the alterations in the distribution in the transverse horizontal GRF (Fx) were small. During unilateral forelimb lameness, the decreased longitudinal horizontal GRF (Fy) was compensated by an increase of the Fy forces of the contralateral forelimb and the ipsilateral hindlimb. The decreased vertical GRF (Fz) of the lame limb was compensated by an increase of the Fz amplitudes of the contralateral forelimb during the swing phase of the lame limb and increased Fz forces of both the diagonal and the ipsilateral hindlimbs during the stance phase of the lame limb. During unilateral hindlimb lameness the decreases in the deceleration Fy forces of the lame hindlimb were mainly compensated by increased propulsion forces in the contralateral hindlimb and small increases of the Fy forces of both forelimbs. The decreased Fz forces of the lame hindlimb were mainly compensated by increased Fz forces of the diagonal forelimb and smaller increases in Fz forces in the ipsilateral forelimb during the stance phase. During the swing phase of the lame hindlimb small compensatory increases were found in the contralateral hindlimb. Decreased peak amplitudes and impulses in the lame limb, and compensatory increases in the two or three concurrently loaded limbs, resulted in significant decreases in left-to-right symmetry percentages between forelimbs as well as hindlimbs during the different degrees of one limb lameness.
利用一组六匹走马的测力板和高速摄像数据，研究同时负重肢体的地面反作用力（GRF）分布情况。使用改良马蹄铁在前肢或后肢诱发三种不同程度的支撑性跛行。在所有实验中，横向水平GRF（Fx）分布的变化很小。在前肢单侧跛行期间，患侧前肢纵向水平GRF（Fy）的降低通过对侧前肢和同侧后肢Fy力的增加得到补偿。患侧肢体垂直GRF（Fz）的降低在患侧肢体摆动期通过对侧前肢Fz振幅的增加得到补偿，在患侧肢体站立期通过对角后肢和同侧后肢Fz力的增加得到补偿。在后肢单侧跛行期间，患侧后肢减速Fy力的降低主要通过对侧后肢推进力的增加以及两前肢Fy力的小幅增加得到补偿。患侧后肢Fz力的降低在站立期主要通过对角前肢Fz力的增加以及同侧前肢Fz力的较小增加得到补偿。在患侧后肢摆动期，对侧后肢出现了小幅度的代偿性增加。患侧肢体峰值振幅和冲量降低，以及两到三个同时负重肢体的代偿性增加，导致在不同程度的单肢跛行期间，前肢和后肢之间的左右对称百分比显著降低。
