Scalaidhe S P, Rodman H R, Albright T D, Gross C G
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA.
Behav Brain Res. 1997 Mar;84(1-2):31-46. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(96)00131-3.
We previously found [42] that lesions of the superior temporal polysensory area (STP) cause temporary deficits in the production of eye movements. In order to both define regions participating in the ensuing recovery and to further explore the cortical control of eye movements, we examined the effects of addition of frontal eye field (FEF) lesions to STP lesions, on visual fixation, saccadic eye movements, and smooth pursuit eye movements. Three monkeys received bilateral STP lesions followed by a FEF lesion and as a control, an additional monkey received a bilateral inferior temporal cortex (IT) lesion followed by a FEF lesion. All animals had a profound impairment in foveating the central fixation point. This impairment was completely eliminated by turning on a dim light in the testing chamber. Large neglect-like impairments in making saccades were only seen after combined STP and FEF lesions. Impairments in making smooth pursuit eye movements after combined lesions of STP and FEF were larger than those seen after STP lesions but within the range of deficits that have been reported after FEF lesions alone. The impairment of visual fixation in darkness and the lack of impairment under conditions of dim illumination appear to reflect a specific role for the FEF in spatial orientation in the absence of visual landmarks. The FEF also appears to play a more critical role than STP in smooth pursuit. By contrast, STP and the FEF appear to work cooperatively with respect to the production of saccades. We suggest that cortical oculomotor control can flow either through the midbrain or through the FEF and that the FEF pathway is specifically involved in tasks with a discontiguity between the stimuli and the behavioral response while the midbrain pathways are preferentially involved in more stimulus-driven eye movements.
我们之前发现[42]，颞上多感觉区（STP）损伤会导致眼球运动产生暂时缺陷。为了确定参与后续恢复的区域，并进一步探索眼球运动的皮质控制，我们研究了在STP损伤基础上增加额眼区（FEF）损伤对视觉注视、扫视眼球运动和平滑跟踪眼球运动的影响。三只猴子接受双侧STP损伤，随后接受FEF损伤，作为对照，另一只猴子接受双侧颞下皮质（IT）损伤，随后接受FEF损伤。所有动物在注视中央固定点时均有严重障碍。在测试室打开一盏昏暗灯光后，这种障碍完全消除。只有在STP和FEF联合损伤后才出现类似忽视的大扫视障碍。STP和FEF联合损伤后平滑跟踪眼球运动的障碍大于STP损伤后所见，但在单独FEF损伤后报告的缺陷范围内。黑暗中视觉注视的障碍以及昏暗照明条件下无障碍似乎反映了在没有视觉地标时FEF在空间定向中的特定作用。在平滑跟踪方面，FEF似乎也比STP发挥更关键的作用。相比之下，在扫视产生方面，STP和FEF似乎协同工作。我们认为，皮质眼球运动控制可以通过中脑或通过FEF进行，并且FEF通路特别参与刺激与行为反应之间存在不连续性的任务，而中脑通路则优先参与更多由刺激驱动的眼球运动。
