Higham P A, Brooks L R
Department of Psychology, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, B.C., Canada.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 1997 Feb;50(1):199-215. doi: 10.1080/027249897392297.
Two experiments are reported that draw an analogy between experiments on verbal memory and experiments on tacit learning. Rules that experimenters use to select words for memory experiments, such as frequency, length, and grammatical class, produce consistencies to which subjects can become sensitive. Replicating the key results from the tacit learning literature, subjects in our experiments discriminated new words consistent with the experimenters' selection rules from inconsistent words, even when they could not describe those rules. The results also reveal a close relation between the information underlying both recognition memory and classification judgements. In particular, a "mirror effect" (Glanzer & Bowles, 1976) is found with both tasks. Implications for research on memory and learning are discussed.
本文报告了两项实验，它们在言语记忆实验和内隐学习实验之间进行了类比。实验者用于记忆实验中选择单词的规则，如频率、长度和语法类别，会产生一些一致性，而受试者可能会对这些一致性变得敏感。我们实验中的受试者重复了内隐学习文献中的关键结果，即使他们无法描述这些规则，也能将与实验者选择规则一致的新单词与不一致的单词区分开来。结果还揭示了识别记忆和分类判断所依据的信息之间的密切关系。特别是，在这两项任务中都发现了一种“镜像效应”（格兰泽和鲍尔斯，1976）。文中还讨论了这些结果对记忆和学习研究的启示。
