Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Ciudad de México, México.
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Aug 29;16(8):e0010652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010652. eCollection 2022 Aug.
Neurocysticercosis (NC) is one of the major parasitic diseases affecting the central nervous system and is endemic in much of Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America. Its epidemiology is difficult to assess, although official registries are available in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using official statistics, we assessed trends in NC hospitalization rates during 1998-2019 in Brazil and Ecuador, during 2004-2019 in Mexico, and during 2009-2019 in Colombia. We also assessed the trend in NC mortality in Brazil (1998-2019), the trend in hospitalizations for NC in a Mexican tertiary-level hospital (Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía [INNN]; 1995-2019), and in Mexican primary care ambulatory clinics (1995-2019). Associations between NC hospitalization rates and the human development index (HDI) were also examined. In Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico, statistically significant decreases in NC hospitalization rates were observed. In Mexico, a significant increase in the age of patients at INNN was observed, suggesting a decreasing incidence of recent infection. Conversely, a significant increase in NC hospitalization rate was observed in Colombia. HDI was not significantly associated with NC hospitalization rates when adjusting for time.
The downward trends in NC cases in Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico are encouraging, especially in the context of the PAHO/WHO plan of action to eliminate neglected tropical diseases from the region. On the other hand, in Colombia, the increased NC hospitalization rate is concerning and needs further evaluation so that the authorities can take specific measures. These results should encourage health authorities in other endemic countries to establish a system of official registries to identify where the need for a control program is most urgent. However, it is also important to remember that NC persists, although less frequently in some Latin American countries, and efforts to achieve its control must continue.
神经囊虫病（NC）是一种影响中枢神经系统的主要寄生虫病，在亚洲大部分地区、撒哈拉以南非洲和拉丁美洲流行。尽管巴西、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔和墨西哥都有官方登记处，但该病的流行病学仍难以评估。
方法/主要发现：我们利用官方统计数据，评估了 1998 年至 2019 年巴西和厄瓜多尔、2004 年至 2019 年墨西哥和 2009 年至 2019 年哥伦比亚 NC 住院率的趋势。我们还评估了巴西 1998 年至 2019 年 NC 死亡率的趋势、墨西哥国立神经学与神经外科学院（Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía [INNN]；1995 年至 2019 年）NC 住院人数的趋势以及墨西哥初级保健门诊（1995 年至 2019 年）NC 住院人数的趋势。还检查了 NC 住院率与人类发展指数（HDI）之间的相关性。在巴西、厄瓜多尔和墨西哥，NC 住院率呈显著下降趋势。在墨西哥，INNN 患者年龄显著增加，表明近期感染的发病率下降。相反，在哥伦比亚，NC 住院率显著增加。调整时间后，HDI 与 NC 住院率无显著相关性。
巴西、厄瓜多尔和墨西哥 NC 病例的下降趋势令人鼓舞，尤其是在泛美卫生组织/世界卫生组织从该地区消除被忽视热带病行动计划的背景下。另一方面，在哥伦比亚，NC 住院率的增加令人担忧，需要进一步评估，以便当局能够采取具体措施。这些结果应鼓励其他流行国家的卫生当局建立官方登记系统，以确定最需要控制计划的地方。但是，也必须牢记，尽管在一些拉丁美洲国家，NC 的发生频率较低，但仍需继续努力实现其控制。
