Babin J P
Laboratoire Langage et communication (LACO), URA CNRS 1607, Université de Poitiers, France.
Can J Exp Psychol. 1996 Dec;50(4):371-85.
The subjects of this research is the role played by the morphological structure in the process of access to the lexicon. Although a lot of research has been conducted on this topic, experimental data on this role remains inconsistent. To appreciate the issue, the task of lexical decision is used with verbal material constituted by prefixed or pseudo-prefixed verbs as well as visually introduced pseudo-verbs. The nature of the radical (verb, noun or verb and noun) constitutes a specific factor yielding three types of prefixed structure (prefix-radical verb, prefix-radical noun, prefix-radical potentially noun or verb). Two types of pseudo-prefixed structures are studied in function of the nature of the pseudo-radical (existing or imaginary word). Subjects are submitted to two tests: a lexical decision test for the complete set of verbal material; a second test (to be taken subsequently) in which they are asked to check from a list the words they believe they have seen on the screen in the first test. Results indicate an effective morphological structure and that the processing of prefixed verbs is done according to the nature of the radical. Verbs with radicals that could be verbs and nouns are processed faster than those for which the radical is a verb. The second test also tends to indicate that the morphological structure is taken into account, and especially that the radical is activated at a certain point in the processing (certain radicals, if presented separately, are checked as being present in the first test where only the prefixed items containing them were present). Results obtained with pseudo-verbs show an important role played by the prefix in the identification of morphologically complex items. These results only match partially the Taft & Forster Model (1975). Illustrating the role played by the nature of the radical allows, to a certain degree, reconciling contradictory results in the literature. In fact, it is demonstrated that the different results from various experiences can be explained if this factor is taken into account. The number of prefixed items of each type (defined by the nature of the radical) can thus explain why certain studies reflect differences between morphologically simple and complex words and other discard them.
本研究的主题是形态结构在词汇获取过程中所起的作用。尽管已经针对该主题开展了大量研究，但关于这一作用的实验数据仍然不一致。为了理解该问题，词汇判断任务采用由带前缀或伪前缀动词以及视觉呈现的伪动词构成的语言材料。词干的性质（动词、名词或动词兼名词）构成一个特定因素，产生三种类型的前缀结构（前缀 - 词干动词、前缀 - 词干名词、前缀 - 词干可能为名词或动词）。根据伪词干的性质（现存词或虚构词）研究两种类型的伪前缀结构。受试者要接受两项测试：对整套语言材料进行词汇判断测试；第二项测试（随后进行），要求他们从列表中勾选他们认为在第一项测试中在屏幕上看到的单词。结果表明存在有效的形态结构，并且带前缀动词的处理是根据词干的性质进行的。词干既可以是动词又可以是名词的动词比词干为动词的那些动词处理得更快。第二项测试也倾向于表明形态结构被纳入考虑，特别是词干在处理过程中的某个时刻被激活（某些词干，如果单独呈现，在仅呈现包含它们的带前缀项目的第一项测试中会被勾选为出现过）。用伪动词获得的结果表明前缀在形态复杂项目的识别中发挥重要作用。这些结果仅部分符合塔夫脱和福斯特模型（1975）。说明词干性质所起的作用在一定程度上有助于调和文献中的矛盾结果。事实上，已证明如果考虑这一因素，各种实验的不同结果是可以解释的。因此，每种类型（由词干性质定义）的带前缀项目的数量可以解释为什么某些研究反映了形态简单和复杂单词之间的差异，而其他研究则忽略了这些差异。
