Brantner A
Institut für Pharmakognosie der Universität Graz, Austria.
Pharmazie. 1997 Jan;52(1):34-40.
Microbiological assays referring to antibiotics were first mentioned in 1955 in the US Pharmacopedia XV and in the Pharmacopedia of India I. In the pharmacopedias two general methods are employed: The first group of methods is grounded on diffusion (disc assay, cylinder-plate and hole-plate assay), the second one is based on the determination of optical density (turbidimetric method). Both methods involve certain problems, particularly with respect to the testing of low-active natural substances. In the course of our investigations those test methods were evaluated and the advantages and disadvantages discussed. The methods were compared to test systems not being described in the pharmacopedias (microdilution test, bioautographic TLC assay). In addition to that we examined spectrophotometrically (OD580nm) the influence of an antimicrobial substance and of a solutizer on the bacterial growth. Tetracycline hydrochloride was used as reference and naringenin as test substance. The results were analyzed with statistical methods cited in the pharmacopedias, e.g. straight-line method and compared to other common methods, e.g. analysis of variance.
关于抗生素的微生物测定法最早于1955年在美国《药典》第十五版和印度《药典》第一版中被提及。在这些药典中采用了两种通用方法：第一组方法基于扩散（纸片扩散法、圆筒平板法和孔板法），第二组方法基于光密度的测定（比浊法）。这两种方法都存在一些问题，特别是在检测低活性天然物质方面。在我们的研究过程中，对这些测试方法进行了评估，并讨论了其优缺点。将这些方法与药典中未描述的测试系统（微量稀释试验、生物自显影薄层色谱法）进行了比较。除此之外，我们用分光光度法（OD580nm）研究了抗菌物质和助溶剂对细菌生长的影响。以盐酸四环素作为对照品，柚皮素作为测试物质。采用药典中引用的统计方法，如直线法，对结果进行分析，并与其他常用方法，如方差分析进行比较。
