Saunders R P, Pate R R, Felton G, Dowda M, Weinrich M C, Ward D S, Parsons M A, Baranowski T
School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA.
Prev Med. 1997 Mar-Apr;26(2):241-7. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1996.0134.
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate questionnaires used to measure psychosocial determinants of physical activity in preadolescent children.
Three theory-based questionnaires and a measure of after-school physical activity were administered to 422 fifth-grade students. A cross-validation design was employed for psychometric development of the scales, including factor analysis, reliability, and validation by correlating scale scores with intention to be physically active and after-school physical activity.
The Social Influences scale contained a single factor. The Self-Efficacy scale contained three factors: support seeking, barriers, and positive alternatives. The Beliefs scale contained two factors: social outcomes and physical activity outcomes. Reliability coefficients ranged from about 0.50 to 0.78. Significant correlations were obtained between all six scales and intention in the development sample, and between five scales and intention in the validation sample. Significant correlations were obtained between social influence and self-efficacy barriers and physical activity in the development sample, and between social influences and physical activity in the validation sample.
Three scales to measure psychosocial determinants of physical activity were refined for use with rural, predominantly African-American, preadolescent children, and shown to be both reliable and valid. Factor analysis resulted in interpretable subscales that may be used as variables. These preliminary results provide support for using the scales to measure influences on activity in children.
本研究的目的是开发并验证用于测量青春期前儿童身体活动心理社会决定因素的问卷。
对422名五年级学生发放了三份基于理论的问卷以及一份课后身体活动测量问卷。采用交叉验证设计进行量表的心理测量学开发，包括因子分析、信度分析，并通过将量表得分与身体活动意愿及课后身体活动进行关联来进行效度验证。
社会影响量表包含一个因子。自我效能量表包含三个因子：寻求支持、障碍和积极替代方案。信念量表包含两个因子：社会结果和身体活动结果。信度系数范围约为0.50至0.78。在开发样本中，所有六个量表与意愿之间均存在显著相关性，在验证样本中，五个量表与意愿之间存在显著相关性。在开发样本中，社会影响与自我效能障碍以及身体活动之间存在显著相关性，在验证样本中，社会影响与身体活动之间存在显著相关性。
针对农村地区、主要为非裔美国的青春期前儿童，对测量身体活动心理社会决定因素的三个量表进行了完善，并证明其具有可靠性和有效性。因子分析得出了可解释的子量表，可作为变量使用。这些初步结果为使用这些量表测量对儿童活动的影响提供了支持。
