Fletcher E C, Bao G
Department of Medicine, Louisville Vaterans Affairs Medical Center, Kentucky, USA.
Sleep. 1996 Dec;19(10 Suppl):S210-2.
The systemic arterial blood pressure response to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in humans is usually repetitive (with each apnea) acute elevation with return to near baseline following the apnea. In addition, it is believed by most investigators that chronic diurnal elevation of systemic blood pressure may result from repetitive nightly apneas in humans, resulting in systemic hypertension in about 50-70% of sleep apnea patients. Mechanisms of the chronic elevation in blood pressure are difficult to investigate in humans because it may take many years of repetitive apneas for sustained daytime blood pressure to develop. The rat is an especially good animal to use to investigate these mechanisms because of its use as a model in many types of hypertension. The authors have examined the response to chronic episodic hypoxia (for 35 consecutive days) in several strains of rats, discovering that systemic blood pressure (BP) remains chronically elevated in the absence of hypoxic stimulation after this period. This manuscript reviews the findings in this model after various interventions in the neurochemical and neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling BP in this animal.
人类对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的体循环动脉血压反应通常是重复性的（每次呼吸暂停时）急性升高，呼吸暂停后恢复至接近基线水平。此外，大多数研究者认为，人类夜间重复性呼吸暂停可能导致体循环血压的慢性日间升高，约50%至70%的睡眠呼吸暂停患者会出现系统性高血压。由于人类需要多年的重复性呼吸暂停才会导致持续性日间血压升高，因此很难研究血压慢性升高的机制。大鼠是研究这些机制的特别合适的动物，因为它在多种类型的高血压研究中被用作模型。作者研究了几种品系大鼠对慢性间歇性缺氧（连续35天）的反应，发现在此期间后，即使在没有缺氧刺激的情况下，体循环血压（BP）仍持续升高。本文综述了在该动物模型中，对控制血压的神经化学和神经内分泌机制进行各种干预后的研究结果。
