Weinbaum Z, Schenker M B, Gold E B, Samuels S J, O'Malley M A
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616-8638, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 1997 May;31(5):572-9. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199705)31:5<572::aid-ajim12>3.0.co;2-w.
Organophosphate (OP)-related systemic illnesses reported to the Worker Health and Safety (WH&S) Branch, and restricted OP-related agricultural use data reported to the Information Services Branch at the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) (now CAL-EPA) during 1984-1988 were used to assess factors associated with OP-related systemic illnesses. Counts of OP-related systemic illnesses (numerator), relative to OP-related use data (denominator), such as pounds applied, number of applications, and acres treated (pounds applied/acres treated), were analyzed by crop treated, season of application, method of application, geographic region, and by specific OP applied. A Relative Illness/Use Ratio (RIUR) was calculated by Poisson regression. The highest risk of systemic illness was associated with OP applications to fleshy fruit (mainly fruit trees) compared to all other crops combined (RIUR = 2.9, 95%CI = 2.2-3.9) using pounds applied in the denominator, followed by vegetables and melons (RIUR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.4-2.4). Air applications resulted in higher RIURs for systemic illness than did ground applications (RIUR = 2.1, 95%CI = 1.7-2.5). Specific OPs that showed significantly elevated RIURs for systemic illness when compared to other OPs were Mevinphos (RIUR = 5.8, 95%CI = 5.0-6.8), Demeton (RIUR = 4.3, 95%CI = 2.6-7.1), Oxydemeton-Methyl (RIUR = 3.8, 95%CI = 3.0-4.9), Methamidophos (RIUR = 1.6, 95%CI = 1.2-2.0) and Azinphos-Methyl (RIUR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1-1.6).
1984 - 1988年期间，向工人健康与安全（WH&S）部门报告的有机磷（OP）相关全身性疾病，以及向加利福尼亚州食品与农业部（CDFA）（现为加州环境保护局）信息服务部门报告的受限OP相关农业使用数据，被用于评估与OP相关全身性疾病有关的因素。相对于OP相关使用数据（分母），如施用量（磅）、施用次数和处理面积（施用量/处理面积），按处理作物、施用季节、施用方法、地理区域以及所施用的特定OP，分析OP相关全身性疾病的病例数（分子）。通过泊松回归计算相对疾病/使用比率（RIUR）。与所有其他作物合计相比，向肉质水果（主要是果树）施用OP导致全身性疾病的风险最高（以施用量为分母时，RIUR = 2.9，95%置信区间 = 2.2 - 3.9），其次是蔬菜和瓜类（RIUR = 1.9，95%置信区间 = 1.4 - 2.4）。与地面施用相比，空中施用导致全身性疾病的RIUR更高（RIUR = 2.1，95%置信区间 = 1.7 - 2.5）。与其他OP相比，显示全身性疾病RIUR显著升高的特定OP有：速灭磷（RIUR = 5.8，95%置信区间 = 5.0 - 6.8）、内吸磷（RIUR = 4.3，95%置信区间 = 2.6 - 7.1）、氧化乐果（RIUR = 3.8，95%置信区间 = 3.0 - 4.9）、甲胺磷（RIUR = 1.6，95%置信区间 = 1.2 - 2.0）和甲基谷硫磷（RIUR = 1.3，95%置信区间 = 1.1 - 1.6）。
