Priante E, Schiavon I, Boschi G, Gori G, Bartolucci G B, Soave C, Brugnone F, Clonfero E
Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Padova.
Med Lav. 1996 Jul-Aug;87(4):314-22.
Exposure to dusts and benzene was studied in 65 traffic policemen. Samples of total dusts showed that mean personal exposure was 0.44 (SD = 0.30) mg/m3, with peaks of about 2 mg/m3. Exposure to 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), the main compound occurring in emissions from diesel engines, which was estimated from concentrations in dusts collected with high-flow samplers, was 0.28 (SD = 0.19) ng/m3 (range: 0.06-1.24 ng/m3). The mean concentration of benzene in the breathing zone was 41 (SD = 20) micrograms/m3, although a level of 100 micrograms/m3 was slightly exceeded in one subject. In urine samples collected before and after workshifts, two biological indicators of exposure to benzene were measured, urinary benzene and urinary trans, trans-muconic acid (MA). The mean values of urinary benzene before and after workshift were similar (98, SD = 81 and 83, SD = 55 ng/l; n = 63; Wilcoxon's T-test = not significant), while a moderate increase in the metabolite was observed (MA = 0.08, SD = 0.11; 0.11, SD = 0.09 mg/g creatinine, in pre- and post-shift samples respectively; Wilcoxon's T-test, z = 3.00; p < 0.01). The levels of exposure to dusts and 1-NP deriving from diesel engine emissions were comparable to those of other occupational groups with this type of risk (garage mechanics, workers operating diesel engine machinery, etc.). Traffic police exposure to benzene was similar to that of the whole population of Padova (40 micrograms/m3, mean annual 24-hour value). However, the values of urinary MA, like those reported by other authors for non-smoker controls, increased after the workshift, indicating low occupational exposure to this pollutant. It should be noted that traffic police exposure to benzene is much lower than that of other occupational categories, e.g., fuel pump distributors.
对65名交警的粉尘和苯暴露情况进行了研究。总粉尘样本显示，个人平均暴露量为0.44（标准差=0.30）毫克/立方米，峰值约为2毫克/立方米。通过高流量采样器收集的粉尘浓度估算出的柴油发动机排放物中的主要化合物1-硝基芘（1-NP）的暴露量为0.28（标准差=0.19）纳克/立方米（范围：0.06 - 1.24纳克/立方米）。呼吸区苯的平均浓度为41（标准差=20）微克/立方米，尽管有一名受试者的苯浓度略超过100微克/立方米。在轮班前和轮班后采集的尿液样本中，测量了两种苯暴露的生物指标，即尿苯和尿反式、反式-粘康酸（MA）。轮班前和轮班后尿苯的平均值相似（分别为98，标准差=81和83，标准差=55纳克/升；n = 63；威尔科克森T检验=无显著性差异），而代谢物有适度增加（MA分别为0.08，标准差=0.11；0.11，标准差=0.09毫克/克肌酐，轮班前和轮班后样本；威尔科克森T检验，z = 3.00；p < 0.01）。柴油发动机排放产生的粉尘和1-NP的暴露水平与具有此类风险的其他职业群体（汽车修理工、操作柴油发动机机械的工人等）相当。交警的苯暴露情况与帕多瓦全体居民的情况相似（40微克/立方米，年平均24小时值）。然而，尿MA值如同其他作者报道的非吸烟对照组的值一样，在轮班后有所增加，表明该污染物的职业暴露较低。应当指出的是，交警的苯暴露远低于其他职业类别，例如燃油泵经销商。
