Greene J M, Ennett S T, Ringwalt C L
Health and Social Policy Division, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1997 Feb;87(2):229-35. doi: 10.2105/ajph.87.2.229.
Standardized estimates of the prevalence of substance use by runaway and homeless youth between the ages of 12 and 21 in various settings were compared with each other and with estimates for youth in the general population.
Four surveys were used: (1) a nationally representative survey of runaway and homeless youth residing in federally and non-federally funded shelters; (2) a multicity survey of street youth; (3) a nationally representative household survey of youth with and without recent runaway and homeless experiences; and (4) a nationally representative household survey of youth whose previous runaway/homeless status was unknown.
For almost every substance, substance use prevalence was highest among street youth. Shelter youth and household youth with recent runaway/homeless experiences reported similar rates. In the household surveys, substance use rates were lowest and were generally comparable.
Many homeless and runaway youth use tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs at rates substantially higher than nonrunaway and nonhomeless youth, indicating a need for comprehensive and intensive substance abuse prevention and treatment services for these youth.
对12至21岁离家出走和无家可归青少年在不同环境下物质使用流行率的标准化估计值进行相互比较，并与普通青少年人群的估计值进行比较。
使用了四项调查：（1）对居住在联邦和非联邦资助庇护所的离家出走和无家可归青少年进行的全国代表性调查；（2）对街头青少年进行的多城市调查；（3）对有和没有近期离家出走和无家可归经历的青少年进行的全国代表性家庭调查；（4）对之前离家出走/无家可归状况未知的青少年进行的全国代表性家庭调查。
几乎对于每种物质，街头青少年的物质使用流行率最高。居住在庇护所的青少年和近期有离家出走/无家可归经历的家庭青少年报告的比率相似。在家庭调查中，物质使用率最低且总体相当。
许多无家可归和离家出走的青少年使用烟草、酒精和其他毒品的比率大大高于未离家出走和无家可归的青少年，这表明需要为这些青少年提供全面且强化的药物滥用预防和治疗服务。
