Hirschman S Z
Mol Cell Biochem. 1979 Jul 15;26(1):47-67. doi: 10.1007/BF00226820.
The hepatitis B virus (HBV), the causal agent of serum hepatitis, has a diameter of 42 nm and is comprised of an outer surface coat and a 27 nm core. A unique DNA-dependent DNA polymerase is associated with the core of the virus. The core also houses a circular DNA that contains both double-stranded and single-stranded regions. In the endogenous reaction, the DNA polymerase repairs the single-stranded gaps of the viral DNA. The surface protein of the virus, called hepatitis B surface antigen, contains both lipid and carbohydrate, and is often present in particulate form in the blood of infected patients. In Asia and Africa HBV infection is associated with subsequent development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Although most patients recover completely from acute illness, the hepatitis B virus may cause chronic infection. Recently, a virus similar to human HBV was discovered in woodchucks. HBV has not yet been propagated in a cell culture system and the mode of replication of this unusual virus in hepatocytes is still moot. Although reliable therapy has not yet been provided, the problem of this world-wide infection has led to many interesting approaches to both vaccine production and anti-viral chemotherapy.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是血清性肝炎的病原体，直径为42纳米，由一个外表面衣壳和一个27纳米的核心组成。一种独特的依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶与病毒的核心相关联。核心还包含一个环状DNA，其含有双链和单链区域。在内源反应中，DNA聚合酶修复病毒DNA的单链缺口。病毒的表面蛋白，称为乙型肝炎表面抗原，含有脂质和碳水化合物，并且在受感染患者的血液中常以颗粒形式存在。在亚洲和非洲，HBV感染与随后原发性肝细胞癌的发生有关。虽然大多数患者能从急性疾病中完全康复，但乙型肝炎病毒可能会导致慢性感染。最近，在土拨鼠中发现了一种类似于人类HBV的病毒。HBV尚未在细胞培养系统中增殖，这种不寻常病毒在肝细胞中的复制模式仍未确定。尽管尚未提供可靠的治疗方法，但这种全球感染问题已促使人们在疫苗生产和抗病毒化疗方面采取了许多有趣的方法。
