Schönweiler R, Ptok M, Radü H J
Department of Communication Disorders, Treatment Centre for Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Communication Disorders, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1998 Aug 1;44(3):251-8. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5876(98)00075-5.
A total of 1528 pre-school children (mean age 4 years and 9 months), being identified as speech or language delayed, were evaluated with respect to micro-otoscopy, nose and throat pathology, hearing function, and speech-language abilities. Subjects were classified into groups of (I) constant normal hearing, (II) fluctuating conductive hearing loss and (III) bilateral moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss requiring hearing aids. In groups II and III, severe speech and language pathologies were found more frequently than in group I. Additionally, auditory perception skills were less in group II, even if peripheral hearing function was normalized. Group III was affected more than group II, but not significantly. The results indicate that in children having speech or language delay for severals reasons, mild fluctuating hearing loss can additionally alter language acquisition, but less than in cases of moderate or profound sensoneurinal hearing loss. The need of early detection of sensoneurinal hearing loss appears widely accepted; this study demonstrates also the necessity of early diagnosis of mild fluctuating hearing loss, especially in children with speech-language delay.
共有1528名被确定为言语或语言发育迟缓的学龄前儿童（平均年龄4岁9个月）接受了耳镜检查、鼻咽喉病理学、听力功能和言语语言能力方面的评估。受试者被分为三组：（I）持续正常听力组，（II）波动性传导性听力损失组，以及（III）需要佩戴助听器的双侧中度至重度感音神经性听力损失组。在第二组和第三组中，严重的言语和语言病理学比第一组更常见。此外，即使外周听力功能恢复正常，第二组的听觉感知技能也较差。第三组比第二组受影响更大，但差异不显著。结果表明，在因多种原因出现言语或语言发育迟缓的儿童中，轻度波动性听力损失会额外影响语言习得，但程度小于中度或重度感音神经性听力损失的情况。早期发现感音神经性听力损失的必要性似乎已被广泛接受；本研究还证明了早期诊断轻度波动性听力损失的必要性，尤其是对于有言语语言发育迟缓的儿童。
