Lizerbram E K, Hesselink J R
Division of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of California at San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California 92103-8756, USA.
Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1997 May;7(2):261-80.
Viral infections of the brain and spinal cord cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients afflicted with AIDS. Debate continues over the specific mechanisms and pathways of how HIV-1 manifests itself in the brain and spinal cord. Attempts to predict which seropositive patients develop neurocognitive deficits caused by HIV-1 and how soon these deficits will occur in the course of disease have had limited success. The neuropathologic changes of HIV-1 must be distinguished from other viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus, JC papovavirus (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy), herpes simplex virus type 1, and varicella-zoster virus. In addition to cerebral spinal fluid sampling and serum testing, some specific features are seen with contrast-enhanced CT, MR imaging, proton MR spectroscopy, SPECT, and PET.
脑部和脊髓的病毒感染会给艾滋病患者带来严重的发病率和死亡率。关于HIV-1在脑部和脊髓中显现自身的具体机制和途径，争论仍在继续。预测哪些血清反应呈阳性的患者会出现由HIV-1引起的神经认知缺陷以及这些缺陷在疾病过程中多快会出现的尝试，取得的成功有限。HIV-1的神经病理变化必须与其他病毒感染相区分，如巨细胞病毒、JC多瘤病毒（进行性多灶性白质脑病）、单纯疱疹病毒1型和水痘-带状疱疹病毒。除了脑脊液采样和血清检测外，在增强CT、磁共振成像、质子磁共振波谱、单光子发射计算机断层扫描和正电子发射断层扫描中还能看到一些特定特征。
