Monsen R B, Engebretson A M
J Acoust Soc Am. 1977 Oct;62(4):981-93. doi: 10.1121/1.381593.
A reflectionless metal tube which can act as a pseudoinfinite termination of the vocal tract was used to collect glottal volume-velocity waveforms produced by 10 male and female adult subjects. From each subject glottal volume-velocity samples were collected of normal, loud, and soft voice; falsetto and creaky voice; monosyllables with rising and failing intonation; and three-syllable utterances containing primary lexical stress on one of the three syllables. Analysis of the data indicates a wide variation of the glottal waveform shape, its rms intensity and fundamental frequency, phase spectrum, and intensity spectrum. It is observed that as the fundamental frequency changes over time, the glottal source varies in one of two different ways. In one type of change, the harmonic relations in the glottal spectrum become steeper as fundamental frequency rises. In a different type of glottal-wave change, relations between harmonics tend to remain the same despite a change in the fundamental frequency; the source spectrum in this case is simply shifted along the frequency and amplitude axes as a function of fundamental frequency. To account for these variations in the glottal source, at least three factors must be known: the sex of the speaker, the voice register in which he phonates, and the linguistic context in which the phonation occurs.
一个可作为声道伪无限终端的无反射金属管被用于收集10名成年男女受试者产生的声门容积速度波形。从每个受试者收集了正常、大声和轻声语音；假声和嘎吱声；语调有升有降的单音节；以及三个音节的话语（其中三个音节之一带有主要词汇重音）的声门容积速度样本。数据分析表明，声门波形形状、其均方根强度和基频、相位谱以及强度谱存在很大差异。据观察，随着基频随时间变化，声门源以两种不同方式之一变化。在一种变化类型中，随着基频升高，声门频谱中的谐波关系变得更陡峭。在另一种不同类型的声门波变化中，尽管基频发生变化，但谐波之间的关系往往保持不变；在这种情况下，源频谱只是作为基频的函数沿频率和幅度轴移动。为了解释声门源的这些变化，至少必须知道三个因素：说话者的性别、发声时的声区以及发声发生的语言环境。
