Nout M J, Platis C E, Wicklow D T
Department of Food Science, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Can J Microbiol. 1997 Apr;43(4):362-7. doi: 10.1139/m97-050.
Microflora in wound sites of preharvest maize (including bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi) may play a role in attracting insects to maize plants and may also interact with growth and mycotoxin production by filamentous fungi. As little data are available about the yeasts occurring on maize from the U.S. corn belt, samples of milled maize from experimental plantings at the University of Illinois River Valley Sand Field were analyzed. Yeast counts showed slight yearly fluctuation and varied between 3.60 and 5.88 (log cfu/g maize). The majority of the yeasts were Candida guilliermondii (approximately 55%), Candida zeylanoides (24%), Candida shehatae (11%), and Debaryomyces hansenii (3%). Also present were Trichosporon cutaneum, Cryptococcus albidus var. aerius, and Pichia membranifaciens. The occurrence of killer yeasts was also evaluated. Killer yeasts were detected in maize for the first time and were identified as Trichosporon cutaneum and Candid zeylanoides. These were able to kill some representative yeasts isolated from maize, including Candida guilliermondii, Candida shehatae, and Cryptococcus albidus var. aerius. Other maize yeasts (Candida zeylanoides, Debaryomyces hansenii, Pichia membranifaciens) were not affected. The majority of yeasts found on maize were unable to ferment its major sugars, i.e., sucrose and maltose. Some (e.g., Candida zeylanoides) were not even able to assimilate these sugars. The importance of these properties in relation to insect attraction to preharvest ears of maize is discussed.
收获前玉米伤口部位的微生物群落（包括细菌、酵母和丝状真菌）可能在吸引昆虫到玉米植株方面发挥作用，也可能与丝状真菌的生长和霉菌毒素产生相互作用。由于关于美国玉米带玉米上出现的酵母的数据很少，因此对伊利诺伊大学河谷沙地试验种植的磨碎玉米样本进行了分析。酵母计数显示每年略有波动，在3.60至5.88（log cfu/g玉米）之间变化。大多数酵母是季也蒙毕赤酵母（约55%）、锡兰假丝酵母（24%）、嗜杀假丝酵母（11%）和汉逊德巴利酵母（3%）。还存在皮状丝孢酵母、浅白隐球酵母变种气生隐球酵母和膜醭毕赤酵母。还评估了嗜杀酵母的出现情况。首次在玉米中检测到嗜杀酵母，并鉴定为皮状丝孢酵母和锡兰假丝酵母。它们能够杀死一些从玉米中分离出的代表性酵母，包括季也蒙毕赤酵母、嗜杀假丝酵母和浅白隐球酵母变种气生隐球酵母。其他玉米酵母（锡兰假丝酵母、汉逊德巴利酵母、膜醭毕赤酵母）不受影响。在玉米上发现的大多数酵母无法发酵其主要糖类，即蔗糖和麦芽糖。有些（如锡兰假丝酵母）甚至无法同化这些糖类。讨论了这些特性与昆虫对收获前玉米果穗吸引力的关系。
