Middelhoven W J, de Jong I M, de Winter M
Laboratory of Microbiology, Agricultural University, CT Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1990 Apr;57(3):153-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00403949.
The yeast flora of whole-crop maize ensiled for two weeks was predominated by Candida holmii, C. lambica, C. milleri, Hansenula anomala and Saccharomyces dairensis. Inoculation with other yeast species reported in the literature to prevail in maize or wheat silages did not alter the yeast flora. At 25 or 30 degrees C the ascomycetous fermentative species found at 20 degrees C were accompanied with ascomycetous non-fermentative fungi, i.c. Exophiala jeanselmei and Verticillium psalliotae, by the non-fermentative imperfect basidiomycetous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and by the weakly fermentative imperfect ascomycetous yeast Trichosporon adeninovorans. The yeast flora of other vegetable crops, ensiled at 20 degrees C for two weeks, was predominated by the same species that prevailed in ensiled maize, provided the crop did not contain mustard oils or menthol. If these compounds occurred in the crops, the yeast flora was predominated by nonfermentative species like Candida famata, Stephanoascus ciferrii, Rhodotorula minuta, Rh. rubra and Trichosporon cutaneum.
青贮两周的全株玉米的酵母菌群以霍尔米假丝酵母、兰比假丝酵母、米勒假丝酵母、异常汉逊酵母和戴尔瑞毕赤酵母为主。接种文献报道的在玉米或小麦青贮中占优势的其他酵母菌种，并未改变酵母菌群。在25或30摄氏度时，在20摄氏度时发现的子囊菌发酵菌种伴随着子囊菌非发酵真菌，即琼氏外瓶霉和黄萎轮枝菌，非发酵不完全担子菌酵母粘红酵母，以及弱发酵不完全子囊菌酵母嗜腺嘌呤毛孢子菌。在20摄氏度下青贮两周的其他蔬菜作物的酵母菌群，若作物不含芥子油或薄荷醇，则以在青贮玉米中占优势的相同菌种为主。如果这些化合物存在于作物中，酵母菌群则以非发酵菌种为主，如法塔假丝酵母、西弗瑞丝孢酵母、微小红酵母、深红酵母和皮状毛孢子菌。
