Sznol M, Holmlund J
Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
Semin Oncol. 1997 Apr;24(2):173-86.
Differences in antigen expression between tumor cells and normal cells can be exploited to develop a variety of therapeutic anticancer agents. For example, vaccines containing tumor antigens can be administered to patients to elicit an immune-mediated attack against the tumor. Tumor antigens can also be targeted by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), or MoAbs that have been modified to carry toxin molecules. A large number of these antigen-specific agents are currently in clinical or late preclinical development. For the anticancer vaccines, much of the current development is focused on determining optimum immunization approaches. In the case of antibody-based reagents, second- and third-generation constructs are being developed to improve potency, decrease immunogenicity, and increase distribution to tumor.
肿瘤细胞与正常细胞之间抗原表达的差异可被利用来开发多种治疗性抗癌药物。例如，可向患者施用含有肿瘤抗原的疫苗，以引发针对肿瘤的免疫介导攻击。肿瘤抗原也可通过单克隆抗体（MoAbs）的被动转移来靶向，或者是经过修饰以携带毒素分子的单克隆抗体。目前，大量此类抗原特异性药物正处于临床或临床前后期开发阶段。对于抗癌疫苗，当前的许多开发工作都集中在确定最佳免疫方法上。就基于抗体的试剂而言，正在开发第二代和第三代构建体，以提高效力、降低免疫原性并增加在肿瘤中的分布。
