Endoh K, Nakadaira H, Yamazaki O, Yamamoto M, Tajima K, Serra I, Calvo A, Baez S
Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1997 Feb;44(2):113-22.
A case-control study of gallbladder cancer was conducted with 90 Chilean cases registered at one hospital in Santiago city, Chile from January, 1992 to August, 1994. Controls were selected among outpatients of the hospital who received abdominal echography. Each case was assigned 2 age- and sex-matched controls; either with or without gallstone(s). Study subjects were all directly interviewed by well-trained medical students. The present study focused on 74 female pairs and the following findings were obtained: 1) Odds Ratio(OR)s were significantly high for education years less than or equal to 6, body mass index greater than or equal to 24.0, constipation, and consumption of egg, fried meals, green and red chili. Chili pepper consumption of both types in cases showed significantly elevated risks with higher frequency. 2) While high ORs were observed, biliary symptoms such as dyspepsia and past history of cholelithiasis were strongly involved with present gallstone(s) and may not be independent factors for gallbladder cancer. 3) Significantly low ORs were seen for past history of intestinal parasitosis and surgical operation, hormone therapy, all industrial workers and workers in clothes & textile industry. However results may be influenced by more years of education or recall bias. 4) When a conditional logistic model was applied and controls with gallstone(s) were taken as reference, those with the habit of constipation showed a significantly high risk of 2.10 (95% CI: 1.01-4.38), and the consumers of red chili with a frequency > or = 1 time/day had elevated risks of 2.16 (1.27-3.66) vs those < 1 time/day and 4.66 (1.63-13.40) vs non-consumers, respectively. From the above results, the occurrence of gallbladder cancer in Chilean females may be related to constipation and chili pepper consumption, based on the presence of gallstone(s). Further investigations are needed to elucidate whether these are actual risk factors or whether only a false association was detected.
1992年1月至1994年8月，在智利圣地亚哥市的一家医院对90例胆囊癌患者进行了病例对照研究。对照从接受腹部超声检查的医院门诊患者中选取。每个病例分配2名年龄和性别匹配的对照，对照有或无胆结石。研究对象均由训练有素的医学生直接进行访谈。本研究聚焦于74对女性，获得了以下结果：1）受教育年限小于或等于6年、体重指数大于或等于24.0、便秘以及食用鸡蛋、油炸食品、青红辣椒，其优势比（OR）显著升高。病例组两种辣椒的食用频率越高，风险显著升高。2）虽然观察到较高的OR，但消化不良等胆道症状和既往胆石症病史与当前胆结石密切相关，可能不是胆囊癌的独立因素。3）肠道寄生虫病既往史、外科手术、激素治疗、所有产业工人以及服装和纺织行业工人的OR显著较低。然而，结果可能受受教育年限较长或回忆偏倚的影响。4）应用条件逻辑模型并以有胆结石的对照为参照时，有便秘习惯者的风险显著升高，为2.10（95%置信区间：1.01 - 4.38），每天食用红辣椒频率≥1次者的风险升高，与每天食用频率<1次者相比为2.16（1.27 - 3.66），与不食用者相比为4.66（1.63 - 13.40）。根据上述结果，基于胆结石的存在，智利女性胆囊癌的发生可能与便秘和辣椒食用有关。需要进一步调查以阐明这些是否为实际危险因素，或者是否只是检测到了虚假关联。
