Symons C S, Johnson B T
Department of Psychology, Houghton College, New York 14744, USA.
Psychol Bull. 1997 May;121(3):371-94. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.371.
In this review, the authors examine the basis for the mnemonic superiority that results from relating material to the self. A meta-analysis confirms the expected self-reference effect (SRE) in memory, with self-referent encoding strategies yielding superior memory relative to both semantic and other-referent encoding strategies. Consistent with theory and research that suggest self-reference (SR) produces both organized and elaborate processing, the SRE was smaller (a) when SR is compared with other-reference (OR) rather than semantic encoding and (b) when the comparison tasks promote both organization and elaboration. Thus, the SRE appears to result primarily because the self is a well-developed and often-used construct that promotes elaboration and organization of encoded information. The authors discuss the implications of these and other findings for theories of the SRE and for future research.
在本综述中，作者探讨了将材料与自我联系起来所产生的记忆优势的基础。一项元分析证实了记忆中预期的自我参照效应（SRE），与语义编码策略和他人参照编码策略相比，自我参照编码策略产生了更优的记忆效果。与表明自我参照（SR）会产生有组织且精细加工的理论和研究一致，当SR与他人参照（OR）而非语义编码进行比较时，以及当比较任务促进组织和精细加工时，SRE较小。因此，SRE的出现似乎主要是因为自我是一个发展完善且经常使用的概念结构，它促进了对编码信息的精细加工和组织。作者讨论了这些及其他发现对SRE理论和未来研究的意义。
