Kaushik S
Unité Mixte INRA-IFREMER de Nutrition des Poissons, Station d'Hydrobiologie, INRA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 1996 Nov;180(8):1933-41; discussion 1941-2.
The major source of aquatic animal production is based on fisheries. Currently, a significant portion of the fishery resources is used for non-food purposes. One of the first steps towards rational exploitation of the natural fishery resources should be to limit such abuse and address the needs of an increasing global population. The challenge for the fishery industry is to develop methods for early and reliable prediction of stock availability and fluctuations in order to maintain a sustainable supply. With the continuing decline in fishery resources, aquaculture is slowly becoming an interesting alternative for the supply of animal protein of high nutritional value. Aquaculture, like any other human activity can have adverse effects on the environment. In this context, the semi-intensive farming systems prevailing in the tropical areas should be encouraged, substantiating them with scientific knowledge on the nutrient flow in such confined ecosystems. In some instances of intensive culture systems, progress has been made in aquaculture waste management by applying adequate nutritional strategies. Such an approach should be extended to other cultured species. Be it production for profit or production for food, sustainable aquatic animal production is intimately connected with all human activities, in as much as all these activities invariably have an effect on water quality. Hence, greater consideration is needed towards a general strategy of protecting the aquatic ecosystem at all levels.
水产动物生产的主要来源是渔业。目前，相当一部分渔业资源被用于非食品目的。合理开发自然渔业资源的首要步骤之一应该是限制这种滥用行为，并满足不断增长的全球人口的需求。渔业行业面临的挑战是开发早期且可靠的预测种群数量和波动的方法，以维持可持续供应。随着渔业资源持续减少，水产养殖正逐渐成为提供高营养价值动物蛋白的一个有吸引力的替代方案。与任何其他人类活动一样，水产养殖会对环境产生不利影响。在这种情况下，应鼓励热带地区普遍采用的半集约化养殖系统，并以关于此类封闭生态系统中营养物质流动的科学知识为其提供支撑。在一些集约化养殖系统的案例中，通过应用适当的营养策略，水产养殖废弃物管理已取得进展。这种方法应推广到其他养殖物种。无论是营利性生产还是食品生产，可持续的水产动物生产都与所有人类活动密切相关，因为所有这些活动都会对水质产生影响。因此，需要更加重视在各个层面保护水生生态系统的总体战略。
