Patient risk factors for pressure ulcers during cardiac surgery.

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery have increased risks for developing pressure ulcers. The researchers conducted this study to identify preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors associated with the development of pressure ulcers among patients undergoing cardiac surgery at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. The significant factors associated with pressure ulcer development in the study patients were presence of diabetes mellitus and other significant comorbid conditions; low preoperative Braden Risk Assessment Scale scores; lower preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum albumin levels; presence of intraaortic balloon pumps in the postoperative period; being turned less often; and more rapid returns to preoperative body temperatures. By incorporating vigilant observation and timely nursing interventions throughout patients' surgical experiences, perioperative nurses can help prevent the development of pressure ulcers and promote optimal patient outcomes.