Swan D K, Ford B
Cancer Prevention Center, Duluth Clinic, MN, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1997 May;24(4):719-27.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To explain the concept of cancer chemoprevention, describe chemoprevention trials, and discuss the agents currently under study to lower the incidence of oral premalignancy and head and neck, lung, breast, prostate, and colon cancers.
Published journal articles, books, bulletins, monographs, protocols, and professional experience.
Chemoprevention is a promising approach to cancer control, and several key agents have been identified that may be able to block carcinogenesis. Phase III chemoprevention trials are being conducted to identify the role of agents (e.g., retinoids, tamoxifen, finasteride, aspirin) in cancer prevention.
Knowledge of the genetic and hormonal changes that occur during carcinogenesis continues to increase. Agents are being identified that block the development of cancer by arresting carcinogenesis. As more agents are identified and investigated, their importance in chemoprevention is increasing.
The goal of nursing care for participants in prevention trials is to promote compliance with the study protocol while supporting optimum quality of life. Through proactive education of participants, family members, and the public and skillful management of side effects, nurses can play an integral part in the success of prevention trials.
目的/目标：解释癌症化学预防的概念，描述化学预防试验，并讨论目前正在研究的用于降低口腔癌前病变以及头颈部癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌和结肠癌发病率的药物。
已发表的期刊文章、书籍、公告、专著、方案以及专业经验。
化学预防是一种很有前景的癌症控制方法，已经确定了几种可能能够阻断致癌作用的关键药物。正在进行Ⅲ期化学预防试验，以确定药物（如维甲酸、他莫昔芬、非那雄胺、阿司匹林）在癌症预防中的作用。
对致癌过程中发生的基因和激素变化的认识不断增加。正在确定通过阻止致癌作用来阻断癌症发展的药物。随着更多药物被确定和研究，它们在化学预防中的重要性日益增加。
对参与预防试验的患者的护理目标是促进其遵守研究方案，同时支持最佳生活质量。通过对患者、家庭成员和公众进行积极的教育以及对副作用进行巧妙管理，护士可以在预防试验的成功中发挥不可或缺的作用。
