Jones M K, Whitmont S, Menzies R G
Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia.
Anxiety. 1996;2(4):179-85. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:4<179::AID-ANXI4>3.0.CO;2-J.
Differences between phobic and normal subject perceptions of danger were examined. Nineteen spider-fearful subjects and a matched set of controls gave danger ratings before and during a spider-avoidance test. When detached from the phobic stimulus, spider-fearful subjects: (1) gave higher estimates of the probability of being bitten than did controls, (2) gave higher estimates of the injuries that would result from being bitten, and (3) believed their high levels of anticipated anxiety were more reasonable and appropriate to the demands of the situation than did controls. These findings are inconsistent with both the traditional account and Beck and Emery's (1985) more recent view that, when detached from the phobic situation, patients can accurately evaluate the danger of potential phobic encounters. The present results question the view that phobic individuals have complete insight into the inappropriateness of their own distress.
研究了恐惧症患者与正常受试者对危险的认知差异。19名蜘蛛恐惧症患者和一组匹配的对照组在蜘蛛回避测试前和测试期间给出了危险评级。当与恐惧刺激物分离时，蜘蛛恐惧症患者：（1）对被叮咬可能性的估计高于对照组；（2）对被叮咬后会导致的伤害估计更高；（3）认为他们高度的预期焦虑比对照组更合理、更符合情境要求。这些发现与传统观点以及贝克和埃默里（1985年）最近的观点均不一致，后者认为，当与恐惧情境分离时，患者能够准确评估潜在恐惧遭遇的危险。目前的结果对恐惧症患者完全洞察自身痛苦的不适当性这一观点提出了质疑。
