Heffelfinger A, Craft S, Shyken J
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1997 May;3(3):237-45.
Previous studies have reported that developmental disruption of dopaminergic systems results in lateralized deficits in visual attention (Posner et al., 1991; Craft et al., 1992). Infants who were prenatally exposed to cocaine were hypothesized to have increased reaction times to targets in the right visual field on measures of visual attention compared with infants who were not exposed to cocaine. Seventeen children without prenatal exposure to cocaine and 14 children who were exposed to cocaine (age range from 8-40 months) completed a visual attention task, the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition; and the Preschool Language Scale, Third Edition. Cocaine-exposed children were slower to orient to stimuli in the right visual field after repeated trials, especially after attention was first cued to the left visual field. They were also less likely to orient to the right when given a choice. Results suggest that the left hemisphere visual attention system is disproportionately affected by prenatal exposure to cocaine.
先前的研究报告称，多巴胺能系统的发育中断会导致视觉注意力出现偏向性缺陷（波斯纳等人，1991年；克拉夫特等人，1992年）。据推测，与未接触可卡因的婴儿相比，产前接触可卡因的婴儿在视觉注意力测试中对右侧视野目标的反应时间会增加。17名未产前接触可卡因的儿童和14名接触过可卡因的儿童（年龄在8至40个月之间）完成了一项视觉注意力任务、贝利婴儿发展量表第二版的心理发展指数以及学前语言量表第三版。在多次试验后，尤其是在注意力首先被引导至左侧视野后，接触可卡因的儿童对右侧视野刺激的定向速度较慢。当有选择时，他们也不太可能转向右侧。结果表明，产前接触可卡因对左半球视觉注意力系统的影响尤为严重。
