Mayes L C, Bornstein M H, Chawarska K, Granger R H
Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Pediatrics. 1995 Apr;95(4):539-45.
To determine the effect of prenatal cocaine exposure on 3-month infant information processing and developmental assessments.
One hundred and eight infants, 61 cocaine-exposed and 47 controls, participated at 3 months of age in an infant-control habituation and novelty responsiveness procedure and in a developmental assessment using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development both administered by experimenters blind to the drug exposure status of the infant.
Compared to the non-drug-exposed group, infants exposed prenatally to cocaine were significantly more likely to fail to start the habituation procedure and, for those who did, significantly more likely to react with irritability early in the procedure. The majority of infants in both groups reached the habituation criterion, and among those who did there were no significant differences between cocaine and non-cocaine-exposed infants in habituation or in recovery to a novel stimulus. Infants who were cocaine-exposed showed comparatively depressed performance on the motor (Psychomotor Developmental Index) but not the mental (Mental Developmental Index (MDI)) scales of the Bayley. These results obtained for habituation and Bayley MDI controlling for both perinatal and sociodemographic factors.
Differences in reactivity to novelty but not in information processing between cocaine-exposed and non-cocaine-exposed infants suggest that the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure may be on arousal and attention regulation rather than early cognitive processes.
确定产前接触可卡因对3个月大婴儿信息处理和发育评估的影响。
108名婴儿，61名接触可卡因婴儿和47名对照组婴儿，在3个月大时参与了婴儿对照习惯化和新奇反应程序，以及使用贝利婴儿发育量表进行的发育评估，这两项评估均由对婴儿药物暴露状况不知情的实验人员进行。
与未接触药物的组相比，产前接触可卡因的婴儿明显更有可能无法开始习惯化程序，而对于那些开始了的婴儿，在程序早期更有可能出现易怒反应。两组中的大多数婴儿都达到了习惯化标准，在达到标准的婴儿中，接触可卡因和未接触可卡因的婴儿在习惯化或对新刺激的恢复方面没有显著差异。接触可卡因的婴儿在贝利量表的运动（心理运动发育指数）而非智力（智力发育指数（MDI））量表上表现相对较差。这些关于习惯化和贝利MDI的结果在控制了围产期和社会人口统计学因素后得出。
接触可卡因和未接触可卡因的婴儿在对新奇事物的反应上存在差异，但在信息处理方面没有差异，这表明产前接触可卡因的影响可能在于唤醒和注意力调节，而非早期认知过程。
