Wennström J L
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Göteborg University, Sweden.
Semin Orthod. 1996 Mar;2(1):46-54. doi: 10.1016/s1073-8746(96)80039-9.
Alterations in the mucogingival complex will occur during orthodontic tooth movement, but these are independent of the apico-coronal width (height) of the gingiva. The integrity of the periodontium can be maintained during orthodontic therapy also in areas that have only a minimal zone of gingiva. In terms of changes in the position of the soft tissue margin and in gingival dimensions, the important factors to consider are the direction of the tooth movement and the bucco-lingual thickness of the gingiva. Lingual tooth movement will result in an increased bucco-lingual thickness of the tissue at the facial aspect of the tooth which results in coronal migration of the soft tissue margin (decreased clinical crown height). Facial tooth movement, on the other hand, will result in a reduced bucco-lingual tissue thickness and thereby a reduced height of the free gingival portion and an increased clinical crown height. The risk for development of recession type defects in conjunction with orthodontic tooth movement is present only if the tooth has been moved out of the alveolar bone housing, ie, when an alveolar bone dehiscence has been created.
在正畸牙齿移动过程中，龈黏膜复合体将会发生改变，但这些改变与牙龈的冠根宽度（高度）无关。在正畸治疗期间，即使在仅有最小牙龈区域的部位，牙周组织的完整性也能够得以维持。就软组织边缘位置和牙龈尺寸的变化而言，需要考虑的重要因素是牙齿移动的方向以及牙龈的颊舌厚度。舌向牙齿移动会导致牙齿颊侧组织的颊舌厚度增加，进而导致软组织边缘向冠方迁移（临床冠高度降低）。另一方面，唇向牙齿移动会导致颊舌组织厚度减小，从而使游离龈部分的高度降低，临床冠高度增加。只有当牙齿移出牙槽骨窝，即形成牙槽骨裂开时，才会存在与正畸牙齿移动相关的牙龈退缩型缺损的发生风险。
