Palanzo D A
Perfusion Department, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA 18105, USA.
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1997 May;11(3):383-90. doi: 10.1016/s1053-0770(97)90109-9.
Safe cardiopulmonary bypass has been paramount from its first use in the early 1950s until the present. The original perfusion circuits incorporated complex feedback loops and multiple safety devices. As circuits improved and became simpler to operate, advances in safety did not always keep pace. Surveys have illustrated areas that needed improvement and extra attention has been focused on those problems. As the field of perfusion evolved, so has the perfusionist. Perfusion has progressed from on-the-job training to formalized training, certification, and accreditation, and is now approaching national standardization. As the computer age proceeds, the use of safety devices and feedback mechanisms whose developments have been aided by the newly available technologies increases. As the 21st century approaches, cardiopulmonary bypass will continue to become safer, but the perfusionist must continue to stay up-to-date in education and remain vigilant while in the operating room.
自20世纪50年代初首次使用以来，安全的体外循环一直至关重要。最初的灌注回路包含复杂的反馈回路和多个安全装置。随着回路的改进和操作变得更简单，安全方面的进展并非总是同步。调查显示了需要改进的领域，并且已经将更多注意力集中在这些问题上。随着灌注领域的发展，灌注师也在不断进步。灌注工作已从在职培训发展到正规化培训、认证和认可，现在正朝着国家标准化迈进。随着计算机时代的发展，借助新可用技术开发的安全装置和反馈机制的使用增加了。随着21世纪的临近，体外循环将继续变得更安全，但灌注师必须继续在教育方面与时俱进，并在手术室中保持警惕。
