Cramblit N S, Siegel G M
J Speech Hear Disord. 1977 Nov;42(4):474-82. doi: 10.1044/jshd.4204.474.
A child with a language handicap presents a potential conflict for the adults with whom he interacts. In terms of age and physical development, he may present cues that ordinarily elicit complex speech from adults. His language performance, however, may be comparable to that of a much younger child. This study involves a detailed analysis of the speech addressed to a 4.7-year-old language-impaired boy and to his normal-speaking female cousin (4.6 years) by the boy's mother, father, and baby-sitter. Each adult interacted with each child in a five-minute free play and a five-minute story-telling situation. Quantitative measures of the speech of the adults included word rate, disfluencies, type-token ratio, and mean length of response. There was a strong tendency to present the language-impaired child with fluent, short, and simple sentence patterns, as compared to his peer. Qualitative analyses of sentence types again showed that simplifications were made in speech to the boy, and that the adults used sequential sets of sentences with the language-handicapped child that were similar to those used by mothers of normal, but much younger children.
一个有语言障碍的儿童会给与他互动的成年人带来潜在的冲突。从年龄和身体发育方面来看，他可能会表现出一些通常会引发成年人复杂言语回应的线索。然而，他的语言表现可能与小得多的儿童相当。本研究详细分析了男孩的母亲、父亲和保姆对一名4.7岁有语言障碍的男孩及其正常说话的4.6岁女性表妹说话的情况。每位成年人在五分钟的自由玩耍和五分钟的讲故事情境中与每个孩子进行互动。对成年人言语的量化测量包括语速、言语不流畅性、类型-标记比和平均回应长度。与他的同龄人相比，成年人很倾向于用流畅、简短和简单的句式与有语言障碍的儿童交流。对句子类型的定性分析再次表明，与男孩交流时言语会简化，而且成年人与有语言障碍的儿童使用的连续句子组，类似于正常但年龄小得多的儿童的母亲所使用的句子组。
