Schiff N B, Ventry I M
J Speech Hear Disord. 1976 Aug;41(3):348-58. doi: 10.1044/jshd.4103.348.
Fifty-two children who had deaf parents and were thought to have normal hearing were evaluated for speech, hearing, and language problems. Standardized tests, audiological evaluations, and informal conversation and play techniques were used. Of the 52 children of deaf parents, less than half were considered to be developing speech and language normally and 12% had previously undiagnosed hearing loss. The prevalence of speech and language problems and hearing losses is higher in this population than in the population at large. The children appeared to be using two systems to communicate, one with hearing people and one with the deaf. Of the children having some speech and language difficulty, approximately half had problems that were not associated with other known physiological or environmental factors that might affect speech and language. Although there were no children of intelligible mothers who had speech and language problems, there were children developing normally who had parents whose speech intelligibility was poor. Contrary to indications in the literature, speech and language problems did not disappear after the children entered school. A large number of school-age children as well as preschoolers appeared to be having speech and language problems. The amount of time spent with hearing adults during the preschool years or the presence of older normal-hearing and -speaking siblings did not seem related to speech and language difficulty. However, when an elder sibling had speech and language difficulty, the younger siblings tended to have similar problems. The relationship between sign and oral language development is ambiguous, but there is no indication that the use of sign language deters oral language development. In view of the high incidence of communication problems in this population, annual audiological evaluations and counseling of deaf parents concerning aspects of hearing loss and normal language development are recommended. The problems encountered in providing therapy are discussed.
对52名父母为聋人但被认为听力正常的儿童进行了言语、听力和语言问题评估。采用了标准化测试、听力评估以及非正式的对话和游戏技巧。在这52名聋人父母的孩子中，不到一半被认为言语和语言发育正常，12%此前未被诊断出有听力损失。该群体中言语和语言问题以及听力损失的患病率高于总体人群。这些孩子似乎在使用两种交流系统，一种与听力正常的人交流，另一种与聋人交流。在有言语和语言困难的孩子中，约一半孩子的问题与其他可能影响言语和语言的已知生理或环境因素无关。虽然没有可理解性言语的母亲的孩子存在言语和语言问题，但也有言语可理解性差的父母的孩子发育正常。与文献中的说法相反，孩子们入学后言语和语言问题并未消失。大量学龄儿童以及学龄前儿童似乎都存在言语和语言问题。学龄前与听力正常的成年人相处的时间或家中有年长的听力和言语正常的兄弟姐妹似乎与言语和语言困难无关。然而，当哥哥或姐姐有言语和语言困难时，弟弟或妹妹往往也有类似问题。手语与口语发展之间的关系尚不明确，但没有迹象表明手语的使用会阻碍口语发展。鉴于该群体中交流问题的高发生率，建议每年进行听力评估，并就听力损失和正常语言发育方面为聋人父母提供咨询。文中还讨论了提供治疗时遇到的问题。
