Stevens J, Alexandrov A A, Smirnova S G, Deev A D, Davis C E, Thomas R
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
Obes Res. 1997 May;5(3):227-36. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00297.x.
Attitudes and behaviors related to nutrition are known to differ between white-American and black-American adolescents, however, little is known about teenagers from Russia. We hypothesized that, compared with white-American or black-American teenagers, Russian teenagers would prefer a larger body size, be less likely to diet, and be less concerned about being overweight. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 196 students in Moscow, 326 white-American, and 239 black-American adolescents who attended school in North Carolina (mean age = 16). Ideal body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and the response to the question, "What do you consider to be your ideal weight?" Mean ideal BMI was higher in black-American boys (25.1) and girls (21.4) than in white-American boys (22.1) and girls (19.2), and Russian boys (21.8) and girls (19.1). After controlling for BMI, black-American girls were less than half as likely to report dieting compared with white-American girls. There were no significant differences among white-American girls and Russian girls, and there were no ethnic differences between boys in the prevalence of dieting. White-American girls and black-American girls were much more likely to identify being overweight as an important nutritional concern than were Russian girls (odds ratios > 10), and there were no ethnic differences among boys. We conclude that preferences for body size, the prevalence of dieting, and concerns about being overweight were similar in Russian and white-American teens, with the exception of Russian teenaged girls who were less likely than American girls to identify being overweight as an important concern. Overall, weight-related attitudes and behaviors in Russian teenagers were more similar to those of white-American teenagers than those of black-American teenagers.
众所周知，美国白人和美国黑人青少年在与营养相关的态度和行为上存在差异，然而，对于俄罗斯青少年的情况却知之甚少。我们假设，与美国白人或美国黑人青少年相比，俄罗斯青少年会更喜欢更大的体型，节食的可能性更小，并且对超重问题的担忧也更少。196名来自莫斯科的学生、326名美国白人青少年以及239名在北卡罗来纳州上学的美国黑人青少年（平均年龄 = 16岁）完成了自填式问卷。根据测量的身高以及对“你认为自己的理想体重是多少？”这个问题的回答计算出理想体重指数（BMI）。美国黑人男孩（25.1）和女孩（21.4）的平均理想BMI高于美国白人男孩（22.1）和女孩（19.2），以及俄罗斯男孩（21.8）和女孩（19.1）。在控制了BMI之后，与美国白人女孩相比，美国黑人女孩报告节食的可能性不到其一半。美国白人女孩和俄罗斯女孩之间没有显著差异，并且在节食患病率方面男孩之间也没有种族差异。与俄罗斯女孩相比，美国白人女孩和美国黑人女孩更有可能将超重视为一个重要的营养问题（优势比 > 10），并且男孩之间没有种族差异。我们得出结论，俄罗斯和美国白人青少年在体型偏好、节食患病率以及对超重的担忧方面相似，除了俄罗斯少女比美国女孩不太可能将超重视为一个重要问题。总体而言，俄罗斯青少年与体重相关的态度和行为与美国白人青少年更为相似，而与美国黑人青少年不同。
