Fox K K, Knapp J S, Holmes K K, Hook E W, Judson F N, Thompson S E, Washington J A, Whittington W L
Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Infect Dis. 1997 Jun;175(6):1396-403. doi: 10.1086/516472.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have been prospectively determined in the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. From 1988 through 1994, susceptibilities were determined for 35,263 isolates from 27 clinics. Patients were demographically similar to those in nationally reported gonorrhea cases. In 1994, 30.5% of isolates had chromosomally or plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin or tetracycline. Penicillin resistance increased from 1988 (8.4%) to 1991 (19.5%) and then decreased in 1994 (15.6%). Tetracycline resistance decreased from 1988 (23.4%) to 1989 (17.3%) and then increased in 1994 (21.7%). Most isolates (99.9%) were highly susceptible to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Isolates with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin increased from 1991 (0.4%) to 1994 (1.3%); 4 isolates were ciprofloxacin-resistant. Ciprofloxacin-resistant strains may not respond to therapy with recommended doses of fluoroquinolones, and the clinical importance of strains with decreased susceptibility is unknown. The emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae in the United States threatens the future utility of this class of antimicrobials for gonorrhea therapy.
美国疾病控制与预防中心的淋球菌分离株监测项目前瞻性地测定了淋病奈瑟菌的抗菌药敏情况。从1988年到1994年，对来自27家诊所的35263株分离株进行了药敏测定。这些患者在人口统计学特征上与全国报告的淋病病例相似。1994年，30.5%的分离株对青霉素或四环素具有染色体介导或质粒介导的耐药性。青霉素耐药率从1988年的8.4%上升至1991年的19.5%，然后在1994年降至15.6%。四环素耐药率从1988年的23.4%降至1989年的17.3%，然后在1994年升至21.7%。大多数分离株（99.9%）对广谱头孢菌素高度敏感。对环丙沙星敏感性降低的分离株从1991年的0.4%增至1994年的1.3%；有4株分离株对环丙沙星耐药。对环丙沙星耐药的菌株可能对推荐剂量的氟喹诺酮类药物治疗无反应，而敏感性降低的菌株的临床重要性尚不清楚。在美国，淋病奈瑟菌中氟喹诺酮耐药性的出现威胁到这类抗菌药物未来用于淋病治疗的效用。
