Mérida-Velasco J A, Sánchez-Montesinos I, Espín-Ferra J, Rodríguez-Vázquez J F, Mérida-Velasco J R, Jiménez-Collado J
Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
Anat Rec. 1997 Jun;248(2):269-78. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(199706)248:2<269::AID-AR14>3.0.CO;2-N.
Many studies have been published on the development of the human knee joint, but different investigators disagree on its morphogenetic time table. Most discrepancies center on the cavitation of the knee joint and the participation of the superior tibiofibular joint in the joint knee system.
We summarize our observations of the development of the knee joint in 50 serially sectioned human embryonic and fetal lower limbs (26 embryos and 24 fetuses).
The epiphysis of the femur and tibia become condryfied from O'Rahilly stage 18, and ossification begins during the 13th week of development. The patella appears as a dense blastema during O'Rahilly stage 19, becomes condryfied during O'Rahilly stage 22, and begins its ossification during the 14th week of development. The knee joint cavity appears during O'Rahilly stage 22, initially as the femoropatellar joint. This process begins at the periphery of the articular interzone. The superior tibiofibular joint communicates with the lateral meniscotibial joint between 10 and 11 weeks of development and becomes separated from the 13 week on. The menisci arise from the eccentric portions of the articular interzone during O'Rahilly stage 22; however, until week 9 of development, they are not easily distinguishable.
We establish the morphogenetic time table of the human knee joint.
关于人类膝关节的发育已经发表了许多研究，但不同的研究者对其形态发生时间表存在分歧。大多数差异集中在膝关节的空化以及上胫腓关节在膝关节系统中的参与情况。
我们总结了对50例连续切片的人类胚胎和胎儿下肢（26例胚胎和24例胎儿）膝关节发育的观察结果。
股骨和胫骨的骨骺从奥赖利18期开始骨化，在发育的第13周开始骨化。髌骨在奥赖利19期表现为致密的胚基，在奥赖利22期开始骨化，并在发育的第14周开始骨化。膝关节腔在奥赖利22期出现，最初是髌股关节。这个过程始于关节间区的周边。上胫腓关节在发育的第10至11周与外侧半月板胫关节相通，并从第13周开始分离。半月板在奥赖利22期从关节间区的偏心部分产生；然而，直到发育的第9周，它们才容易区分。
我们建立了人类膝关节的形态发生时间表。
