Kemtes K A, Kemper S
Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1997 Jun;12(2):362-71. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.12.2.362.
Off-line studies of younger and older adults' processing of syntactically complex sentences have shown that there is a consistent negative relationship between task performance and working memory for older adults. However, it is not evident from these studies whether working memory affects the immediate syntactic analysis of a sentence, off-line processes, or both. In the current study an online reading paradigm was used to examine the working memory capacity-constrained sentence processing model from M.C. MacDonald, M.A. Just, and P.A. Carpenter (1992). Working memory span, type of syntactic ambiguity (ambiguous vs. unambiguous), and type of syntactic ambiguity resolution (main verb vs. relative clause) interacted to influence younger and older adults' on-line reading times and off-line sentence comprehension.
针对年轻人和老年人对句法复杂句子的加工进行的离线研究表明，老年人的任务表现与工作记忆之间存在一致的负相关关系。然而，从这些研究中尚不清楚工作记忆是影响句子的即时句法分析、离线加工过程，还是两者都受影响。在本研究中，采用了在线阅读范式来检验M.C. 麦克唐纳、M.A. 贾斯特和P.A. 卡彭特（1992年）提出的工作记忆容量受限句子加工模型。工作记忆广度、句法歧义类型（歧义与非歧义）以及句法歧义消解类型（主要动词与关系从句）相互作用，影响年轻人和老年人的在线阅读时间和离线句子理解。
