Bass C
J Psychosom Res. 1997 May;42(5):421-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00365-0.
There is now an impressive body of research to suggest that the concept of a discrete hyperventilation syndrome is no longer tenable. The evidence for this has been carefully gathered and the scientific studies have employed innovative methodological techniques and have introduced a key psychological dimension. Both have led to a greater understanding of the respiratory correlates of anxiety, but in the process have revealed the "hyperventilation syndrome" to be a chimera. Furthermore, there is no evidence to support the view that panic attacks and hyperventilation are synonymous: on the contrary, hyperventilation rarely accompanies panic and, when it does, it is more likely to be a consequence than a cause of the panic. Finally, there is no evidence that "breathing therapy" works by normalizing pCO2; its nonspecific effects on anxiety appear to be mediated in part by slowing respiratory rate. Further research in this field might be more profitably focused on the nature of the association between anxiety disorders and organic lung disease, especially asthma.
现在有大量令人印象深刻的研究表明，离散性过度通气综合征的概念已不再站得住脚。支持这一观点的证据已被仔细收集，科学研究采用了创新的方法技术，并引入了关键的心理维度。这两者都使人们对焦虑与呼吸的相关性有了更深入的理解，但在此过程中也揭示出“过度通气综合征”是一种幻想。此外，没有证据支持惊恐发作和过度通气是同义词的观点：相反，过度通气很少伴随惊恐发作，即使出现，也更可能是惊恐发作的结果而非原因。最后，没有证据表明“呼吸疗法”通过使二氧化碳分压正常化起作用；它对焦虑的非特异性影响似乎部分是通过减缓呼吸频率来介导的。该领域的进一步研究可能更有益地聚焦于焦虑症与器质性肺病，尤其是哮喘之间关联的本质。
