Meuret Alicia E, Wilhelm Frank H, Roth Walton T
Stanford University and the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
J Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;60(2):197-207. doi: 10.1002/jclp.10245.
Panic disorder patients often complain of shortness of breath or other respiratory complaints, which has been used as evidence for both hyperventilation and false suffocation alarm theories of panic. Training patients to change their breathing patterns is a common intervention, but breathing rarely has been measured objectively in assessing the patient or monitoring therapy results. We report a new breathing training method that makes use of respiratory biofeedback to teach individuals to modify four respiratory characteristics: increased ventilation (Respiratory Rate x Tidal Volume), breath-to-breath irregularity in rate and depth, and chest breathing. As illustrated by a composite case, feedback of respiratory rate and end-tidal pCO2 can facilitate voluntary control of respiration and reduce symptoms. Respiratory monitoring may provide relevant diagnostic, prognostic, and outcome information.
惊恐障碍患者常抱怨呼吸急促或有其他呼吸方面的不适，这被用作支持惊恐发作的过度通气理论和假性窒息警报理论的证据。训练患者改变呼吸模式是一种常见的干预措施，但在评估患者或监测治疗效果时，很少对呼吸进行客观测量。我们报告一种新的呼吸训练方法，该方法利用呼吸生物反馈来教导个体改变四种呼吸特征：通气增加（呼吸频率×潮气量）、呼吸频率和深度的逐次呼吸不规则性以及胸式呼吸。如一个综合病例所示，呼吸频率和呼气末二氧化碳分压的反馈可以促进对呼吸的自主控制并减轻症状。呼吸监测可能提供相关的诊断、预后和结果信息。
