Chikuni O, Nhachi C F, Nyazema N Z, Polder A, Nafstad I, Skaare J U
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical School, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Sci Total Environ. 1997 Jun 20;199(1-2):183-90. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(97)05494-6.
The milk samples were collected from mothers who had lived in the area for at least 5 years, healthy and breast feeding their first, second or third child. Of the 175 mothers' milk samples analysed, the organochlorine pesticide residues were detected in the following order of frequency: pp-DDE, 100%, pp-DDT 98%; and sum PCB, 53%. Of all the seven areas analysed the Kariba area and the highest mean level of sum DDT--25,259 ng/g milk fat and the lowest mean level of sum DDT of 1607 ng/G milk fat was found in Esigodini which is a rural area. The major DDT metabolite was pp-DDE. The ratio of pp-DDT/pp-DDE was highest in Kariba (0.6) suggesting recent pollution by DDT in that area. The results show that the vector control programmes (extensive pesticide spraying of disease-carrying pests, such as mosquitoes and tsetse flies), agricultural activities and dietary habits were the main contributing factors towards the high levels of pesticides in most of the areas. Kadoma area had the highest mean level of sum-PCB (60 ng/g milk fat).
采集了居住在该地区至少5年、身体健康且正在母乳喂养其第一个、第二个或第三个孩子的母亲的母乳样本。在分析的175份母乳样本中，有机氯农药残留的检出频率依次为：对，对'-滴滴伊，100%；对，对'-滴滴涕，98%；多氯联苯总量，53%。在所有分析的七个地区中，卡里巴地区的滴滴涕总量平均水平最高——母乳脂肪中为25,259纳克/克，而在农村地区埃西格迪尼发现的滴滴涕总量平均水平最低，为1607纳克/克母乳脂肪。主要的滴滴涕代谢产物是对，对'-滴滴伊。对，对'-滴滴涕/对，对'-滴滴伊的比值在卡里巴最高（0.6），表明该地区近期受到滴滴涕污染。结果表明，病媒控制项目（对携带疾病的害虫，如蚊子和采采蝇进行大量农药喷洒）、农业活动和饮食习惯是大多数地区农药含量高的主要促成因素。卡多马地区的多氯联苯总量平均水平最高（60纳克/克母乳脂肪）。
