David T, Smye S, James T, Dabbs T
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK.
Med Eng Phys. 1997 Mar;19(2):131-9. doi: 10.1016/s1350-4533(96)00052-5.
Myopia or short sightedness, is the most important predisposing factor to retinal detachment. The relative risk of detachment rises with increasing myopia. The model characterizes that because the severity of myopia increases with the axial length (antero-posterior diameter) of the eyeball, the relative risk of retinal detachment rises with increasing eye size. We present a mathematical model of the time-dependent shear stress force that occurs in the thin eye wall shell supporting the vitreous humour inside the eye globe during the acceleration and deceleration phases of saccadic eye movement. Results show that the shear force increases as the thickness of the eye wall decreases. It is common for myopes to have thinner eye wall tissue than emmetropes. In addition, if account is taken of the increased force required to provide normal saccadic movement of myopic (larger) eyes, then the shear force is up to seven times greater than that experienced for emmetropes.
近视或短视是视网膜脱离最重要的诱发因素。视网膜脱离的相对风险随近视程度的增加而上升。该模型表明，由于近视的严重程度随眼球的轴长（前后直径）增加而增加，视网膜脱离的相对风险随眼球大小的增加而上升。我们提出了一个随时间变化的剪切应力力的数学模型，该应力力在眼球扫视运动的加速和减速阶段出现在支撑眼球内部玻璃体的薄眼壁壳中。结果表明，剪切力随着眼壁厚度的减小而增加。近视患者的眼壁组织通常比正视者薄。此外，如果考虑到为近视（较大）眼睛提供正常扫视运动所需的增加的力，那么剪切力比正视者所经历的力大七倍。
