Lifrak P D, McKay J R, Rostain A, Alterman A I, O'Brien C P
University of Pennsylvania Treatment Research Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Jul;36(7):933-40. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199707000-00015.
This survey study explores the relationship between area-specific perceived self-competence, perceived social support, gender, and substance use in young adolescents.
Questionnaires were administered to 140 male and 131 female adolescents attending middle school to assess self-perception of competencies, social support, and substance use. Correlations were performed between the predictor variables and the substance use measures. Hierarchical multiple regressions were also used to identify potential interactions between gender, perceived competencies, and perceived social support in the prediction of specific substances.
Higher perceived scholastic competence was associated with less substance use in both genders. In boys, more perceived support from teachers, and to a lesser degree parents, was associated with less substance use, particularly in those with low scholastic competence. In girls, social support was unrelated to substance use except for support from classmates, which was associated with more cigarette and marijuana use. However, in girls with low scholastic competence, more support from peers was consistently associated with more substance use.
The gender differences in risk factors for early substance use identified in this study deserve further investigation, in view of their potential relevance for adolescent substance abuse prevention and early intervention.
本调查研究探讨青少年早期特定领域的自我能力认知、社会支持感知、性别与物质使用之间的关系。
对140名男中学生和131名女中学生进行问卷调查，以评估他们对能力、社会支持和物质使用的自我认知。对预测变量与物质使用指标进行相关性分析。还采用分层多元回归来确定在预测特定物质使用时性别、能力认知和社会支持感知之间的潜在相互作用。
较高的学业能力认知与两性较少的物质使用相关。在男孩中，更多地感受到来自教师（程度稍轻的是来自父母）的支持与较少的物质使用相关，尤其是在学业能力低的男孩中。在女孩中，社会支持与物质使用无关，但来自同学的支持除外，这与更多的香烟和大麻使用相关。然而，在学业能力低的女孩中，更多来自同伴的支持始终与更多的物质使用相关。
鉴于本研究中确定的早期物质使用风险因素的性别差异对青少年物质滥用预防和早期干预的潜在相关性，值得进一步研究。
