Seals D R, Silverman H G, Reiling M J, Davy K P
Center for Physical Activity, Disease Prevention, and Aging, Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 80309, USA.
Am J Cardiol. 1997 Jul 1;80(1):49-55. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00282-8.
The efficacy of aerobic exercise for lowering arterial blood pressure (BP) in postmenopausal women with elevations of 130 to 159/85 to 99 mm Hg has not been established. To determine this, 10 postmenopausal women with high normal resting BP or stage I essential hypertension were studied throughout a 12-week lead-in period (no exercise, n = 5) and/or 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (walking, n = 9). There were no significant time effects during the lead-in period (all p >0.4). Maximal aerobic capacity (as assessed by maximal oxygen consumption) was unchanged after 12 weeks of exercise, but exercise tolerance (treadmill walking time) increased by approximately 10% (p <0.05). Body weight, dietary intake and composition, and urinary sodium excretion were unchanged before versus after exercise training. After 12 weeks of exercise, systolic and diastolic BP at rest were significantly lowered by 10/7 and 12/5 mm Hg, respectively, in the sitting and standing positions (p <0.001); some (> or = 3 to 5 mm Hg) decrease in BP was observed in every subject. On average, subjects with stage I hypertension had a reduction in BP into the high normal range, whereas subjects with high-normal initial levels had a reduction in BP into the normal range. Borderline significant (p = 0.06 to 0.07) reductions in systolic and diastolic BP were observed by the end of the second and tenth weeks of training, respectively. Ambulatory determined 24-hour levels of BP were unchanged with training, but significant reductions in BP during submaximal exercise occurred. Our results demonstrate that regular aerobic exercise can produce clinically important reductions in resting BP in Caucasian postmenopausal women with mild to moderately elevated initial levels. This effect of exercise is observed in the absence of changes in maximal aerobic capacity, body weight, or dietary intake.
有氧运动对收缩压在130至159毫米汞柱、舒张压在85至99毫米汞柱之间的绝经后女性降低动脉血压（BP）的效果尚未明确。为了确定这一点，对10名静息血压处于高正常范围或I期原发性高血压的绝经后女性进行了研究，整个过程包括12周的导入期（不运动，n = 5）和/或12周的中等强度有氧运动（步行，n = 9）。导入期内没有显著的时间效应（所有p>0.4）。运动12周后，最大有氧能力（通过最大耗氧量评估）没有变化，但运动耐力（跑步机步行时间）增加了约10%（p<0.05）。运动训练前后体重、饮食摄入量和组成以及尿钠排泄均无变化。运动12周后，坐位和站位时静息收缩压和舒张压分别显著降低10/7和12/5毫米汞柱（p<0.001）；每个受试者的血压均有一定程度（≥3至5毫米汞柱）下降。平均而言，I期高血压患者的血压降至高正常范围，而初始血压处于高正常水平的患者血压降至正常范围。在训练的第二周结束时和第十周结束时，分别观察到收缩压和舒张压有临界显著降低（p = 0.06至0.07）。动态测定的24小时血压水平在训练后没有变化，但在次最大运动期间血压显著降低。我们的结果表明，规律的有氧运动可使初始血压轻度至中度升高的白种绝经后女性静息血压出现临床上重要的降低。在最大有氧能力、体重或饮食摄入量无变化的情况下观察到了运动的这种效果。
