Weigert P, Gilbert J, Patey A L, Key P E, Wood R, Barylko-Pikielna N
World Health Organization, Rome, Italy.
Food Addit Contam. 1997 May-Jun;14(4):399-410. doi: 10.1080/02652039709374543.
As a means of assessing the performance of European laboratories who contribute analytical data on food contamination to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Environmental Monitoring Scheme (GEMS), a series of five proficiency testing exercises were carried out during 1993 and 1994. In total 136 laboratories from 21 different countries took part in one or more of the exercises which covered the analysis of trace elements (lead, cadmium and mercury) in milk powder, pesticides (organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid) in spinach powder, nitrate in spinach powder, aflatoxins in nut-based animal feed and patulin in apple juices. The proficiency testing was carried out according to the ISO/IUPAC/AOAC INTERNATIONAL Harmonized Protocol and laboratories were awarded z-scores signifying their analytical capability based on their reported results for each of the respective exercises. Overall 60% of laboratories were satisfactory for accuracy for trace element analysis, 41% for pesticides, 43% for nitrate, 88% for aflatoxins and 53% for patulin. These results gave an overall poorer performance (68%) than the average for other similar schemes (79%), indicating the need for care in collating data for such programmes as GEMS and the need for remedial measures to assist in improving performance.
作为评估向世界卫生组织（WHO）全球环境监测计划（GEMS）提供食品污染分析数据的欧洲实验室绩效的一种方式，在1993年至1994年期间开展了一系列五次能力验证活动。来自21个不同国家的总共136个实验室参加了一项或多项活动，这些活动涵盖了奶粉中的微量元素（铅、镉和汞）分析、菠菜粉中的农药（有机氯、有机磷和拟除虫菊酯）分析、菠菜粉中的硝酸盐分析、坚果基动物饲料中的黄曲霉毒素分析以及苹果汁中的展青霉素分析。能力验证是根据ISO/IUPAC/AOAC国际协调协议进行的，实验室根据各自活动的报告结果获得表示其分析能力的z分数。总体而言，60%的实验室微量元素分析准确性令人满意，农药分析为41%，硝酸盐分析为43%，黄曲霉毒素分析为88%，展青霉素分析为53%。这些结果表明总体表现（68%）比其他类似计划的平均水平（79%）差，这表明在整理GEMS等此类计划的数据时需要谨慎，并需要采取补救措施来帮助提高绩效。
