Nordlund J J, Lerner A B
Am J Pathol. 1977 Nov;89(2):443-8.
A large number of factors have been identified which seem to predispose an individual to develop melanoma. Black-skinned individuals rarely have malanomas, but this variety of tumors is common in red-haired or blond subjects. The incidence of melanoma is particularly high if such fair-skinned subjects are exposed for long perods of time to intense sunlight. Nevi, congenital or acquired, can degenerate into melanomas. In some families, many of the family members develop multiple nevi that are unusually large and red in color. All of these appear to degenerate into melanomas with time. Nature has provided other examples of genetic factors which induce melanomas, i.e., the melanomas which form in the platyfish and Sinclair miniature swine.
已确定大量因素似乎会使个体易患黑色素瘤。黑皮肤个体很少患黑色素瘤,但这种肿瘤在红发或金发个体中很常见。如果这种皮肤白皙的个体长时间暴露在强烈阳光下,黑色素瘤的发病率会特别高。先天性或后天性痣可能恶变为黑色素瘤。在一些家族中,许多家庭成员会出现多个异常大且呈红色的痣。随着时间的推移,所有这些似乎都会恶变为黑色素瘤。自然界还提供了其他诱导黑色素瘤的遗传因素的例子,即在剑尾鱼和辛克莱小型猪中形成的黑色素瘤。