Young A
Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
Diabet Med. 1997 Jun;14 Suppl 2:S14-8. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s14::aid-dia398>3.3.co;2-h.
The pancreatic hormone amylin is co-secreted with insulin by beta-cells in response to nutrient intake. Studies performed in experimental animals have provided evidence that amylin may have several effects associated with carbohydrate metabolism. Amylin is a potent inhibitor of gastric emptying. This effect appears to require an intact vagus nerve and it is over-ridden by hypoglycaemia. These observations, coupled with the identification of putative amylin receptors in the area postrema of the hindbrain (a region implicated in the regulation of gastric motility) suggest that the effects of amylin on gastric emptying are mediated, at least in part, by the central nervous system. There is also evidence that amylin acts to inhibit food intake, an action which is distinct from its effects on gastric emptying. In addition, amylin has been shown to inhibit amino acid-stimulated glucagon secretion, suggesting that it may reduce endogenous glucose production in the postprandial period.
胰腺激素胰淀素与胰岛素由β细胞共同分泌，以响应营养物质的摄入。在实验动物身上进行的研究表明，胰淀素可能具有多种与碳水化合物代谢相关的作用。胰淀素是胃排空的强效抑制剂。这种作用似乎需要完整的迷走神经，且会被低血糖所抵消。这些观察结果，再加上在后脑最后区（一个与胃动力调节有关的区域）发现了假定的胰淀素受体，表明胰淀素对胃排空的影响至少部分是由中枢神经系统介导的。也有证据表明胰淀素具有抑制食物摄入的作用，这一作用与其对胃排空的影响不同。此外，已证明胰淀素可抑制氨基酸刺激的胰高血糖素分泌，这表明它可能在餐后减少内源性葡萄糖的产生。
