Macdonald I A
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nottingham Medical School, UK.
Diabet Med. 1997 Jun;14 Suppl 2:S24-8. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s24::aid-dia399>3.3.co;2-d.
There is increasing evidence that alterations in the rate of gastric emptying - both acceleration and slowing - are present in patients with diabetes mellitus. A number of different factors can influence the rate of gastric emptying. For example, a large meal volume, a high-fat meal, and the presence of high glucose concentrations will all slow the rate at which the contents of the stomach are emptied into the small intestine. Studies in spontaneously diabetic BB/Wistar rats have shown that administration of the pancreatic islet hormone amylin slows the rate of gastric emptying, and similar observations have been made in patients with Type 1 diabetes who received an intravenous infusion of the human amylin analogue pramlintide. The mechanism by which amylin slows gastric emptying is still unknown, but evidence from studies in animals suggests that it may influence the parasympathetic input to the stomach via neurons in the brainstem which regulate efferent activity in the vagus nerve.
越来越多的证据表明，糖尿病患者存在胃排空速率的改变，包括加速和减慢。许多不同因素可影响胃排空速率。例如，大量进食、高脂饮食以及高葡萄糖浓度的存在都会减慢胃内容物排入小肠的速率。对自发性糖尿病BB/Wistar大鼠的研究表明，给予胰岛激素胰淀素会减慢胃排空速率，在接受人胰淀素类似物普兰林肽静脉输注的1型糖尿病患者中也有类似观察结果。胰淀素减慢胃排空的机制尚不清楚，但动物研究的证据表明，它可能通过脑干中调节迷走神经传出活动的神经元影响胃的副交感神经输入。
