Ojima T, Saito E, Kanagawa K, Sakata K, Yanagawa H
Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical School.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1997 Apr;44(4):273-82.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the manpower required for the health care and nursing services for the aged at home. For prefectural health care and welfare planning for the aged, data such as the proportion of the aged who need help, service demand, and required frequency of services were obtained. The means and "mean +/- 2 x standard deviations" were calculated to obtain various parameters. Calculated figures were those which can be obtained with some effort. The results are as follows (middle level estimation (low level estimation-high level estimation)): requirements are 1.9 (0.61-5.7) public health nurses, 2.6 (0.63-14) visiting nurses, 0.20 (0.084-0.42) dental hygienists, 0.35 (0.17-0.66) dietitians, and 0.25 (0.014-1.27) physical and occupational therapists per population 10,000. For the national total, requirements are 23 (7.3-67) thousand public health nurses, 31 (7.5-160) thousand visiting nurses, 2.4 (1.0-5.0) thousand dental hygienists, 3.9 (2.0-7.8) thousand dietitians, and 3.0 (0.17-15) thousand physical and occupational therapists. By population sizes, for example in the municipalities which has 10-30 thousand people, required are 4.2 (1.7-11) public health nurses, 5.3 (1.3-27) visiting nurses, 0.4 (0.2-0.8) dental hygienists, 0.5 (0.3-0.9) dietitians, and 0.5 (0.0-2.5) physical and occupational therapists. Comparison of the present numbers with estimated manpower needs show that, the present number of public health personnel is almost the same as the low level estimation. But the present numbers of other manpower is lower than the low level estimation. Considering other services such as maternal and child health, it seems that the municipalities which has 10+ thousand population should employ full-time dietitians and dental hygienists. For policy making in a municipality, the policies of other municipalities should be considered. Because it is based on means for municipalities, the results of this study should be useful for application by other municipalities.
本研究的目的是估算居家老年人医疗保健和护理服务所需的人力。为了进行县级老年人医疗保健和福利规划，获取了诸如需要帮助的老年人比例、服务需求以及所需服务频率等数据。计算了均值和“均值±2×标准差”以获得各种参数。计算得出的数据是经过一番努力才能获得的。结果如下（中等水平估计（低水平估计 - 高水平估计））：每10000人需要1.9（0.61 - 5.7）名公共卫生护士、2.6（0.63 - 14）名访视护士、0.20（0.084 - 0.42）名口腔保健员、0.35（0.17 - 0.66）名营养师以及0.25（0.014 - 1.27）名物理治疗师和职业治疗师。就全国总数而言，需要23000（7300 - 67000）名公共卫生护士、31000（7500 - 160000）名访视护士、2400（1000 - 5000）名口腔保健员、3900（2000 - 7800）名营养师以及3000（170 - 15000）名物理治疗师和职业治疗师。按人口规模来看，例如在有10000 - 30000人的市，需要4.2（1.7 - 11）名公共卫生护士、5.3（1.3 - 27）名访视护士、0.4（0.2 - 0.8）名口腔保健员、0.5（0.3 - 0.9）名营养师以及0.5（0.0 - 2.5）名物理治疗师和职业治疗师。将现有人员数量与估计的人力需求进行比较表明，公共卫生人员的现有数量几乎与低水平估计相同。但其他人力的现有数量低于低水平估计。考虑到母婴健康等其他服务，似乎人口超过10000的市应雇佣全职营养师和口腔保健员。对于一个市的政策制定，应考虑其他市的政策。由于本研究结果基于各市的均值，所以应有助于其他市应用。
